Physical exercise is a planned regular and repeated activities in a certain intensity to improve health. Based on duration, there are two kinds of physical exercise. Physical exercise with shorter amount of time is called acute physical exercise. While physical exercise with longer amount of time is called chronic physical exercise. Physical exercise will make some changes in the body, such as blood oxygen levels. Some studies showed the influence of physical exercise on oxygen saturation but some studies had the opposite result. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of acute physical exercise on oxygen saturation. This study was a field experimental with pre-post one group test design that was conducted to 32 Medical Faculty student basketball players of Sam Ratulangi University. Each subject had to play basketball for 20 minutes. Value of oxygen saturation was checked using pulse oximeter before exercise and immediately after exercise. Case analysis use paired samples T test. This study has found an increase on oxygen saturation after the acute physical exercise (p=0,041;p<0,05).Keywords: acute physical exercise, oxygen saturationAbstrak: Latihan fisik adalah aktivitas yang dilakukan secara terencana, teratur dan berulang ulang dalam intensitas tertentu untuk meningkatkan taraf kesehatan. Berdasarkan durasinya, ada dua jenis latihan fisik. Latihan fisik dengan durasi singkat disebut latihan fisik akut. Sedangkan latihan fisik dengan durasi yang lama disebut latihan fisik kronik. Latihan fisik akan menyebabkan beberapa perubahan dalam tubuh, seperti kadar oksigen dalam darah. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh latihan fisik terhadap terhadap saturasi, namun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebaliknya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara latihan fisik akut terhadap saturasi oksigen. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian eksperimental lapangan dengan rancangan pre-post one group test yang dilakukan terhadap 32 orang mahasiswa pemain basket Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Responden diberi perlakuan berupa olahraga basket selama 20 menit. Nilai saturasi diperiksa menggunakan alat pulse oksimetri, diperiksa sesaat sebelum latihan dan sesaat sesudah latihan. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan uji T berpasangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada nilai saturasi oksigen setelah latihan fisik akut (p=0,041;p<0,05).Kata kunci: latihan fisik akut, saturasi oksigen
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels that exceed normal values. Riskesdas in 2013 showed that North Sulawesi is one of the provinces with the highest prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia. HbA1c measurement is the most accurate way to determine blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. HbA1c is also the best single examination to assess risks to the tissue damage caused by high blood sugar levels. This study aims to determine the levels of HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bahu Community Health Center Manado. This study is a descriptive cross sectional study. Primary data were collected through interviews, physical examination and laboratory tests. Respondents were all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who came in Bahu Community Health Center and willing to become respondents. The sample size is 22 people. The results of this study prove that more than half of the respondents have not controlled HbA1c levels (> 7%) of 17 respondents. Of the 17 respondents were 9 respondents have overweight body mass index, 13 respondents not take the medicine as directed by doctor and 9 respondents did not exercise regularly. It can be concluded that the blood glucose levels of patients in Bahu Community Health Center is still not controlled, by HbA1c values above 7%.Keywords: HbA1c, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit menahun yang ditandai oleh kadar glukosa darah yang melebihi nilai normal. Laporan Riskesdas tahun 2013 menunjukkan bahwa Sulawesi Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan angka prevalensi DM yang tertinggi di Indonesia. Pengukuran HbA1c adalah cara yang paling akurat untuk menentukan tingginya kadar gula darah selama dua sampai tiga bulan terakhir. HbA1c juga merupakan pemeriksaan tunggal terbaik untuk menilai risiko terhadap kerusakan jaringan yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar HbA1c pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Bahu Kota Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Responden adalah semua pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang datang di Puskesmas Bahu dan bersedia menjadi responden. Besar sampel penelitian adalah 22 orang. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa lebih dari setengah jumlah responden memiliki kadar HbA1c tidak terkontrol (> 7%) sebanyak 17 responden. Dari 17 responden tersebut 9 responden memiliki indeks massa tubuh overweight, 13 responden tidak mengkonsumsi obat sesuai anjuran dokter dan 9 responden tidak rutin berolahraga. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar gula darah pasien di Puskesmas Bahu masih belum terkontrol berdasarkan nilai HbA1c di atas 7%.Kata kunci: HbA1c, Diabetes Melitus tipe 2
A person’s physical well-being is one of the indicators of quality of life. Elderly who have good life quality are expected to have good physical well-being. Physical changes occur during aging process. After 30 years old the cardiorespiratory fitness begins to decrease. One measurement that is most used to determine the level of cardiorespiratory fitness is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). This study was aimed to determine the effect of elderly fitness exercise to cardiorespiratory fitness among elderly at Panti Werdha Bethania Lembean (senior housing) withVO2max as the measurement. This was a field experimental study with a pre-post one group test design. There were 15 subjects who met the inclusion criteria consisted of 5 males and 10 females. Subjects were selected by using purposive sampling method. The cardiorespiratory fitness level was measured by using VO2max, with 6- minute walk test. The results showed that the average of VO2max before exercise was 6.73 ml/kg/minute, while the average of VO2max after exercise was 6.78 ml/kg/minute. The data were analyzed by using paired sample t-test (p = 0.035). Conclusion: The elderly fit fitness had a significant effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. Keywords: elderly, exercise, VO2max Abstark: Kesejahteraan fisik seseorang merupakan salah satu indikator kualitas hidup. Lansia yang memiliki kualitas hidup baik secara tidak langsung memiliki kesejahteraan fisik yang baik pula. Pada proses penuaan terjadi perubahan fisik. Setelah mencapai usia 30 tahun terjadi penurunan kebugaran jantung paru sebesar 1% setiap tahun. Salah satu tolak ukur yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kebugaran jantung paru ialah konsumsi oksigen maksimum (VO2maks). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam bugar lansia terhadap kebugaran jantung paru di Panti Werdha Bethania Lembean dengan tolak ukur VO2max. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental lapangan dengan desain pre-post one group test. Subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 15 orang dengan 5 orang laki-laki dan 10 orang perempuan dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Tingkat kebugaran jantung paru dilakukan dengan pengukuran VO2maks, diukur dengan uji jalan 6 menit. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rerata VO2maks sebelum program latihan senam bugar lansia 6,73 ml/kg/menit sedangkan setelah program latihan senam bugar lansia didapatkan 6,78 ml/kg/menit. Hasil uji t berpasangan didapatkan p=0,035. Simpulan: Senam bugar lansia memiliki pengaruh bermakna terhadap kebugaran jantung paru.Kata kunci: lansia, senam, VO2 maks
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the pleiotrophic cytokines that plays a role in the inflammatory process, initiates and activates polymorphonuclears (PMNs), therefore the PMNs can reach the infection site. This study aimed to determine the profile of TNF-α based on body mass index (BMI) among the students of the Faculty of Medicine Unsrat batch 2014. This was a survey study with a cross sectional design. The study population was students of the Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi Manado batch 2014. The results showed that samples with BMI 18-18.9 had an average TNF-α level of 69.48 pg/ml; samples with BMI 19-19.9 had an average TNF-α level of 78.04 pg/ml; samples with BMI 20-20.9 had an average TNF-α level of 61.94 pg/ml; samples with BMI 21-21.9 had an average TNF-α level of 64.37 pg/ml; and samples with BMI 22-22.9 had the highest average level of TNF-α which was 78.65 pg/ml. Conclusion: In this study, all students with normal body mass index (BMI) had normal levels of TNF-α, which was 10-100 pg/ml.Keywords: TNF-α, immune system, body mass index (BMI)Abstrak: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) adalah salah satu sitokin pleiotropik yang berperan dalam proses inflamsi, menginisiasi polymorphonuclear (PMN) dan mengaktivasinya sehingga PMN dapat mencapai tempat infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil TNF-α berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat angkatan 2014. Jenis penelitian bersifat survei dengan rancangan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat angkatan 2014. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sampel dengan IMT 18-18,9 memiliki nilai rerata kadar TNF-α 69,48 pg/ml; sampel dengan IMT 19-19,9 memilki nilai rerata kadar TNF-α 78,04 pg/ml; sampel dengan IMT 20-20,9 memiliki nilai rerata kadar TNF-α 61,94 pg/ml; sampel dengan IMT 21-21,9 memiliki nilai rerata kadar TNF-α 64,37 pg/ml; dan sampel dengan IMT 22-22,9 memiliki nilai rerata TNF-α tertinggi yaitu 78,65 pg/ml. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini, semua mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat angkatan 2014 dengan IMT normal memiliki kadar TNF-α normal, yaitu 10-100 ml/pg.Kata kunci: TNF-α, sistem imun, indeks massa tubuh (IMT)
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