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The paper deals with the design, calibration and experimental validation of a novel infrastructure-less solution dedicated to indoor pedestrian localisation issues. The approach involves aerodynamic fluid computation for instantaneous speed estimation of a pedestrian handling a smartphone. For this purpose, a differential pressure-based MEMS anemometer is integrated to an Android smartphone by means of a dedicated PIC 32 bits microcontroller. Measurements of the pedestrian orientation are ensured by a gyroscope sensor coupled with the smartphone. Consequently, both instantaneous speed and heading measurements are combined to the dead reckoning technique for estimating the 2D relative position of the user. Theoretical modeling is conducted in order to calibrate and quantify the accuracy of the sensor. In situ experiments along straight paths demonstrate that the sensors coupled with a smartphone achieve pedestrian localisation with average accuracy of less than 6 % of the total travelled distance.Index Terms-Indoor pedestrian localisation, infrastructure less solution, sensor augmented smartphone, localisation based service, smart sensors.

Ahstract-The approach described here attempts to overcome foot-mounted limitations, contrary to a majority of current implementations of inertial navigation systems (INS). The aim of our development is to maintain repeatable performance, especially without step counting, while carefully dealing with the mobility requirements and the computation cost. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) is belt mounted to facilitate the equip ment of the user. The pedestrian trajectory is computed in real time. The resulting position is transmitted and displayed to the user on a smartphone where no specific application is installed. The description of our indoor experiments reveals the potential of this approach, in terms of positioning performance, with more than 75% of our experiments when the relative start-end error remains below 5% of the total traveled distance.