, S. M. (2012). Urinary diversion and bladder reconstruction/replacement using intestinal segments for intractable incontinence or following cystectomy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2),-. [CD003306].

While enthusiasts regard orthotopic bladder replacement as the new gold standard when lower urinary tract function must be replaced, the level and quality of current evidence are poor. The immediate concern must be to rectify this paucity of evidence with well designed and well reported prospective studies, ideally in a randomized setting, comparing the various major forms of urinary diversion and bladder replacement surgery.

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