Purpose: To present a series of idiopathic paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) cases and to compare the microvascular retinal status of PAMM/AMN eyes with those of healthy individuals. Methods: Six eyes with PAMM and two eyes with AMN in a total of six patients were included in this study. Multimodal retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography, was performed in all patients. The vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus, as well as the area, circularity, and angle of the superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured and compared with the same parameters in age-matched healthy individuals. Results: The optical coherence tomography angiography showed a decreased vessel density of both superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus in PAMM/AMN eyes versus control eyes (12.2 ± 0.74 vs. 14.0 ± 1.62 mm−1 [P = 0.01] in superficial capillary plexus and 18.5 ± 1.2 vs. 20.2 ± 1.0 mm−1 [P = 0.02] in deep capillary plexus). There was no statistically significant change in the FAZ area between PAMM/AMN and healthy eyes. However, FAZ circularity in PAMM/AMN eyes was statistically significantly lower compared with healthy eyes (0.64 ± 0.09 and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). The angle of FAZ was statistically significantly higher in PAMM/AMN eyes compared with healthy eyes (27.6 ± 16.2 and 11.2 ± 5.5°, respectively; P = 0.005). Conclusion: Paracentral acute middle maculopathy and AMN eyes demonstrated not only an isolated alteration of deep retinal circulation but also general nonspecific changes in retinal microvasculature, including a decrease in the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus and distortion of the FAZ.

It is currently known that chronic dacryocystitis is from 2 to 7,5% among patients who have consulted an ophthalmologist about lacrimation disorders. Patients with this pathology are subject to surgical treatment – dacryocystorhinthymia. But the number of relapses after dacryocystorhinostomy is 2–16%, this is due to the tendency of the dacryostomy to heal and scar, which ultimately leads to reoperations. The purpose of this work: To highlight the method of preventing recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis, with endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods. A technique for preventing dacryostomy scarring with the use of a stent for draining dacryostomy in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy has been developed and tested in clinical practice (RF Patent RU No. 201235). The essence of the technique is as follows: the surgeon performs surgical treatment in the volume of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, with the formation of dacryostomy. Then, through the formed dacryostomy, endonasally, under the control of the endoscope, a „T“-shaped stent made intraoperatively is installed into the cavity of the lacrimal sac. Results. Using the proposed technique, surgical treatment of 24 patients with chronic dacryocystitis was performed. Complications and relapses of the disease were not observed in all 24 cases. Conclusion. The presented technique helps to avoid complications in the early and late postoperative periods (granulations, fusion of dacryostomy, synechia, etc.), which prevents the recurrence of the disease and, as a result, further reoperations.

Парацентральная острая срединная макулопатия (ПОСМ) (острая макулярная нейроретинопатия, острая срединная макулярная нейроретинопатия, острая макулярная наружная ретинопатия)-редкое заболевание центральной сетчатки, связанное с острым эпизодом очагового изолированного поражения наружного или внутреннего ядерного слоя с исходом в атрофию, не имеющее до настоящего момента ясной причины и условий возникновения. Впервые ПОСМ описали в 1975 г. P. Bos и A. Deutman, отнеся данное заболевание к редкой