Оцінка екологічного стану поверхневих вод малих річок басейну р. Західний Буг за рівнем забрудненості (на прикладі р. Гапа)

The purpose. To assess modern ecological state of small rivers of Western Polissia of Ukraine (on an instance of rivers Luga and Ghapa). Methods. Research was carried out according to regular observation on the basis of ecological classification of quality of surface waters of land and firths of Ukraine which includes a panel of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other parameters reflecting features of components of aquatic ecosystems. Results. Analysis of modern ecological state of small rivers of Western Polissia of Ukraine was carried out, and also assessment of quality of their waters on conforming classes is made. Findings of investigation were grouped in 3 blocks of parameters: salt compound of water, trophic-saprobiological (ecologicalsanitary) block, specific matters of toxic effect. Integrated (ecological) index is determined, which values establish class and category of quality of surface waters. Results of observation over quality of surface waters of rivers Luga and Ghapa testifies to their satisfactory state. Surface waters match to IInd class of quality of water (river Lugawaters, transient on quality from "very good" up to "good", from "clean" up to «enough clean» on purity; river Ghapa -waters with a trend from "good" up to "satisfactory" on quality, from «enough clean» up to "poorly polluted" on purity). Excess of maximum-permissible concentration is fixed according to trophic-saprobiological parameters. It is caused by high anthropogenic load in basins of the rivers, first of all, waste interceptions of not enough cleaned waste waters. Conclusions. For assessment of ecological situation of water objects of Western Polissia and determination of main directions of water-security activity on improvement of ecological state of each water object the great value has water quality assessment of small rivers.

This section presents the results of the assessment of the ecological state of the river basins of the Western Polesie of Ukraine according to the level of anthropogenic load. The study was carried out based on systematic observations within the basins of small rivers, using the system model of the hierarchical structure «Basin of a small river». This model classifies the basins of small rivers according to the degree of anthropogenic loads exerted on them and makes it possible to monitor the state of the river basin according to various indicators within individual subsystems (radioactive contamination of the territory; land usage; river runoff usage; water quality). In order to improve and restore the already disturbed natural states of small river basins, a number of water protection measures have been proposed. The water management and ecological zoning of the basins of small rivers in the territory of the Western Polesie of Ukraine was carried out taking into account the quantitative and qualitative ecological and managerial indicators of the states of rivers and river basins.

The purpose. To execute zoning of territory of Western Polissia of Ukraine on anthropogenic load and to evaluate ecological state of basins of small rivers. Methods. Study was conducted according to regular observation within the limits of basins of the probed rivers with the use of system model of hierarchical structure «Basin of small river». The given model realized grading basins of small rivers on extent of anthropogenic loads and allowed tracking state of water-collecting area on various indexes in a slit of separate subsystems (radioactive impurity of territory, use of lands, use of river flow, quality of water). Results. At account of extent of anthropogenic load on basin of small rivers they evaluated quantitative and quality indicators of separate subsystems. It was established that on aggregate of all criteria the ecological state of basins in 33% of rivers was characterized as «changes negligible», 25 -state «satisfactory», in 42% -state «bad» and «very bad». General ecological state of basins of small rivers of Western Polissia was unsatisfactory. By results of water-ecological zoning of territory of probes they offered some nature protection measures. In particular, in all basins of rivers of Western Polissia first of all it is necessary to increase amount of forests, to diminish the areas of agricultural lands and index ploughing. Conclusions. With the purpose of martempering and restoring of the disturbed natural state of basins of small rivers of Western Polissia of Ukraine it is necessary to hold water-ecological zoning of their territories. That will promote density of force of all objects of control and managing for development and implementation of general basin and territorial nature protection measures.

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