11.3 Effect of processing delays and coagulant polymers on strontium and cesium removal from simulated newly generated liquid low-level waste. .. . 11.4 Strontium and cesium removal from diluted simulated newly generated liquid low-level waste with a SrCl, + ferric sulfate strike and a KCCF strike. .. .

Effect of total solution concentration Sr-Cs-Ca-Mg-Na ion exchange: (a) Sr isotherm, (b) Cs isotherm, (c) Ca isotherm, (d) Mg isotherm .

Average filtrate flux as a function of transmembrane pressure, Test Series 3, tank W-31 ....

Pumping tests have shown that a 24 wt % slurry of CST in water can be transported at fluid velocities of 4.3 ftls (45 gpm in a 2-in. pipe) with no visible settling of the CST particles, while a 5 wt 1% slurry will stay suspended at a velocity of 3.8 Ms. The CST was easily mobilized after purposely plugging sections of pipe. The CST particles were rapidly broken up by a centrifugal pump into very small particles (<150 Km, with the majority being <1 .um). A progressing cavity (Moyno) pump caused less damage to the CST particles.Slurries of CST in water showed low abrasivity to 304L stainless steel and moderate abrasivity to A106 mild steel. A slurry of CST in median supemate (2.9 MNaOH plus other salts) showed low abrasivity to A106 steel, so the higher abrasivity result for CST in water was probably caused by oxidative corrosion. Sludge simukmt slurries showed low abrasivity, but mixtures of sludge and zeolite showed moderate abrasively.Storage of cesiurn-loaded CST in supemate simukmts has shown possible leaching of the cesium from the CST into median and high-concentration (13.5 illNaOH) supemate sirnulants at 80°C. There was no measurable leaching after 105 days in any of the simukmts at 25 'C, or in lowconcentration simulant (0.01 MNaOEl) at 80"C.Mixtures of CST in SRS sludge simulants have shown minimal tendency to cause caking or hard layers. Supernate sinmkmts that cover the range of solutions in the SRS high-level waste storage tanks have shown minimal effect on the particle size of the CST sorbent.

STE rThis report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. .3 .4 . .6 . .8 . .10 . .12 . .14 .15 . .17 . .19 . LIST OF FIGURES 26.Tank W-21 southwest comer after Campaign 4 (BVST-0723-4). . . . . 5 1 27. 28.Tank W-21 southeast comer after Campaign 4 (BVST-0718-4). . . . . 52Tank W-21 east side viewed south after Campaign 4 (BVST-0719 4). 53 29. 30.Tank Ridge National Laboratory ( O N ) . The pulse jet system, consisting of seven modular equipment skids, was installed and commissioned in about 7 weeks and operated remotely for 52 days to remove about 88% of the sludge in the tank. The system used specially designed fluidic jet pumps and pulse vessels, along with existing submerged nozzles for mixing the settled sludges with existing supernate in the tank. The operation also used existing piping and progressive cavity pumps for retrieval and transfer of the mixture. A total of 64,000 gal of liquid was required to transfer 6300 gal of sludge to the Melton Valley Storage Tanks (IvlVSTs) designated for consolidation of all ORNL RH-TRU sludges. Of the liquid used for the retrieval, 88% was existing or recycled tank supernate and only 7770 gal of additional process water was added to the system. Minimizing the addition of process water is extremely important at ORNL, where tank system storage capacity is limited. A simple manual sluicer was used periodically to wash down and aid the removal of localized sludge heels.After completion of the pulse jet campaigns, the manual sluicer was modified to provide a higher flow rate for removal of additional quantities of the remaining sludge heel. Six thousand gallons of process water was required to remove an additional 550 gal of sludge. After the manual sluicer operation, dilute nitric acid was added to the tank in an effort to dissolve the majority of the remaining 350 gal of sludge. After a contact time of several weeks under static conditions, the acid was mixed with the pulse jet system for several hours and transfemed from the tank. Ninety-eight percent of the sludge was removed from the tank, or about 7100 gal. It was estimated that about 100 gallons of sludge remained in the tank after this operation.