The side weir is a hydraulic structure that is widely used in irrigation and drainage networks and water treatment plants. To estimate the outflow over a rectangular broad-crested side weir, the discharge coefficient in the side weir equation needs to be determined. In this study, a comprehensive laboratory study including 240 tests was conducted in a physical model under subcritical flow conditions. The variation of discharge coefficient along the side weir was investigated in relation to height, width and slope of side weir. Furthermore the data of experimental tests were statistically analysed. As a result, a mathematical model for computation of the spatial discharge coefficient is presented in this study. The presented mathematical model enables accurate estimation of discharge coefficient along the side weir when compared with the measured data under subcritical flow conditions. Additionally, in comparison with overall discharge coefficient models, the developed model estimates a relatively accurate spatial discharge coefficient for the side weir. Additionally, to equalize the flow depth along the side weir, some relationships were proposed in this paper. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RÉ SUMÉLe déversoir latéral est un ouvrage hydraulique largement utilisé dans les réseaux d'irrigation et drainage, et dans les stations de traitement des eaux. Pour estimer le débit sur un déversoir latéral à large crête, le coefficient de débit doit être déterminé. Dans cette étude une série de tests en laboratoire comprenant 240 essais a été réalisée sur un modèle physique en condition de débit sous-critique. Pour trouver l'effet de la hauteur, la largeur et la pente du déversoir latéral sur la variation spatiale du coefficient de débit, les résultats des essais expérimentaux ont été analysés statistiquement. Un modèle mathématique pour le calcul du coefficient de débit spatial est présenté dans cette étude. Le modèle mathématique présenté permet d'estimer avec précision le coefficient de débit sur le déversoir en comparaison avec les données mesurées dans les conditions sous-critiques. En outre, par rapport aux modèles donnant le coefficient global, le modèle développé ici donne des estimations relativement précises du coefficient de débit spatial du déversoir latéral. De plus, pour égaliser la profondeur du flux le long du déversoir, des relations sont proposées dans le présent document.
There are many parameters in agriculture that change over time in a sigmoid pattern. In the current study, the double logistic function was used to describe and simulate dry matter (DM) variation of winter rapeseed plant and to explain the growth rate under water stress. Irrigation treatments were full irrigation at all growth stages, water stress during the vegetative stage in early spring, water stress at flowering and podding stages, water stress at grain filling stage and rain-fed treatment with supplemental irrigation at time of planting. A high value for the goodness of fit (0.996) and low value for normalized root mean square error (0.085) showed that the double logistic function can describe and simulate DM variation of rapeseed accurately. DM predicted by the double logistic equation based on growing degree day was slightly closer to the measured DM compared with the DM predicted by the double logistic equation based on days after planting. Results showed that growth rate before the winter cold period was lower than that after this period. There were two maximum growth rates for winter rapeseed: the first occurred before cold period and another after.
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