Aim. To identify the most important factors in the transformation of ethnocultural space and population identity through the example of a multicultural trans-border region.Materials and Methods. This research vector provides possibilities to consider this issue in line with the well-known ideas of L. N. Gumilyov regarding the adaptation of ethnic groups to landscapes, as well as to apply an analysis algorithm based on the study of various forms of interethnic contacts and ethnic processes. The author's data from field expedition research, including sociological surveys of the population (more than three thousand people on both sides of the Russian-Kazakh border), interviews, expert assessments, including observation, mapping, etc. have been used. Historical sources, as well as archival documents and existing cartographic materials from various times, have been analysed.Results. Ethno-cultural groups interact with each other and adapt to landscapes, as a result of these processes ethnic cultures acquire common features and regional specificities. These factors have been evaluated and features of interethnic interaction between migrants and the autochthonous population as well as transformation of the ethno-cultural space are revealed. The speed of transformation is influenced by historical, geopolitical, psychological and economic factors. The article is illustrated with specific examples. Geographical aspects of transformation of ethno-cultural identity as the main marker of ethnic culture in trans-border regions have been consideredConclusion. The most important factors of ethno-cultural space and regional identity transformation are adaptation in landscapes, intercultural interaction, migration, change of ethnic composition of the population and divergence as a consequence of delimitation.

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The purpose of the study is to prove the need for development of innovative territorial clusters (ITC) in steppe regions. With a well-known determination of the factors of sustainable economic development of steppe regions of Russia, territorial planning and formation of environmental management structures were considered the most important. Today, the greatest relevance for steppe regions of Russia should be seen in development of the ITC as the most important condition for transition to a new technological order in the coming decades of the 21th century and a new management system based on improving scenario forecasting tools that allow identifying trends and incentives for sustainable economic development of steppe regions of Russia as a result of minimizing problems and strengthening their economic potential in the process of climate restructuring of the Earth. The results of the study include the following: definition of the ITC role as a tool for normalizing economic relations between research and educational organizations, business, development institutions and the state, as well as possibility of adapting the resulting cluster model of joint activity management to solving problems of sustainable economic development of steppe regions in the context of digital transformation of Russian economy. Innovative territorial approach should become the basis for Complex programs of ecological, economic and noospheric development of Russian regions. And there are all the prerequisites for this-rapid development of digital technologies, and along with it the growth and rapid promotion of digital innovations, without which there is no future, make this goal feasible and achievable. Therefore, it can be said that ITCs in steppe regions should serve as a source of digital innovations in Russian economy, creating new jobs for population, increasing viability of their territories and ensuring food security of the country as a whole.

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