Understanding trace metal leachability is important for successful land application of papermill residues. Trace metal leachability h m papermill ashes (Ash 1 and Ash 2) and papermill sludge (Sludge), and the effects of a soil on their leachability were determined by leaching the three papermill residues packed on top of a soil in a column. The leachates were d y z e d for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and concentrations of six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn). Ash 1 behaved significantly differently from Ash 2 during the leaching experiment, primarily due to its high pH and Na contents. Application of papermill residues significantly increased the pH, EC, and DOC concentrations in leachates, with Ash l having significantly greater impacts than Ash 2 and sludge. Soil columns under alkaline leaching of Ash 1 appeared bleached due to the dissolution of solid-phase organic matter. Significant amounts of Zn were leached from d l papermill residues, whereas significant amounts of Cr, Se, and Cu were leached only in the Ash 1 treatments. The presence of a soil (espeady a Bh horizon) generally enhanced metal kachability in the Ash 1 treatments due to the extremely high pH of Ash 1, whereas it decreased metal leachability m the Ash 2 and sludge treatments. Tbns, organic matter enhances metal sorption when present as a solid phase, but it increases metal leachability when present m dissolved form under alkaline conditions. HE USA obtains approximately 2.7 quads of energy T from burning biomass while producing 1.5 to 3.0 million Mg of ash annually (Campbell, 1990). The pulp and paper industry alone produces an estimated 0.8 million Mg of boiler ash (Thacker, 1986) and 2.1 million Mg of sludge on a dry-weight basis annually (Fuller and Warrick, 1985). During the past two decades, much progress has been made in our knowledge of the chemical composition in papermill ash and sludge (Pepin and Coleman, 1984; Someshwar, 1996). Papermill sludge consists of both primary and secondary forms, and papermill ash includes both fly ash and bottom ash, a mixture of which is termed boiler ash (Pepin and Coleman, 1984). Primary sludge is produced in the primary clarifier and consists

Seventeen years after installation, an experiment testing the effect of spacing and four site-preparation treatments yielded data on growth, volume, disease incidence, and survival of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliotti Engelm.) Across all spacings and treatments, growth and yield were generally greater on better drained soils. Spacing had a decided effect on growth and volume: wider spacings resulted in greater d.b.h. but reduced volume; the closer the spacing, the more merchantable volume was produced; 6' x 12' spacing seems the most acceptable compromise. Site-preparation methods had a visible effect on disease incidence and survival: burn-bedding and burn-harrowing enhanced growth and increased volume yield and survival; burn-scalping proved detrimental. Although stem canker infection was higher on intensively prepared plots, they produced the greatest wood yield.

Two‐year‐old slash pine seedlings grown in lysimeter pots, filled with a Spodosol, received three levels of N from two sources, (NH2)2CO and (NH4)2SO4, under two soil moisture regimes. Tree growth was greater when soil matric suction limit was set at 170 cm than at 500 cm of water. Slash pine growth response was greater to (NH2)2CO than (NH4)2SO4. Urea fertilization resulted in greater nutrient uptake by the seedlings during a 9 month period. On the other hand, (NH4)2SO4 favored higher nutrient leaching losses. In general, where growth response was best, nutrient uptake was greatest and leaching losses were least.

Two series of uniform fertilization trials were installed in newly established plantations on Georgia coastal plain soils. In one series, four levels of phosphorus (P) were applied as granular triple superphosphate (TSP) on a circular area around each tree. In the other series, three levels each of nitrogen (N) and P as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and TSP, respectively, were applied in factorial combinations on a four-foot band along each tree row. N application was ineffective when little or no P was added. At a high P rate, however, N and P produced better growth response than P alone.¹

Nursery-grown American sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) seedlings were planted following four site-preparation treatments: solid harrow, harrow and bed, single bed, and double bed. Analysis of height and survival data collected six years after planting showed that site-preparation effects were masked by block-to-block variability. The data were reanalyzed excluding the block within which plot-to-plot variability was greatest. In the reanalysis the harrow and bed treatment was superior in its effect on sycamore height growth, but significantly more trees survived when single- or double bedding treatments were used. A soil profile analysis revealed that patches of low survival and poor tree growth were invariably associated with Mascotte soil, a spodosol, while the better growing trees were situated on Ocilla soil.