Urolithiasis is one of the leading places in the field of uropathology. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that every year the number of patients with urolithiasis is steadily increasing, both in the Russian Federation and in developed countries. According to most authors, that due to the increasing life expectancy, changes at the chemical composition of water, lifestyle and peculiarities of human nutrition, as well as global climate changes. Medico-economic and social significance of urolithiasis is that roughly 2 / 3 of patients who get sick are 30 to 60 years old. The disease is characterized by frequent relapses, high prevalence of complicated forms, in some cases leading to disability of the patient, which makes it difficult to treat. In spite of this, mortality from urolithiasis in the last few years has noticeably decreased, due to the active study of the etiopathogenesis of the disease, improvement of diagnostic methods, development and implementation of minimally invasive technologies in the treatment of urolithiasis. This literature review provides information on the prevalence of urolithiasis, the etiology and pathogenesis of stone formation in the urinary system, as well as main information of the most effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis at this time.

Представлен клинический случай олеогранулемы полового члена. Освещена актуальность данной проблемы, возросшая в последние годы в в связи с появлением новых случаев. Подробно описана диагностика олеогранулемы полового члена и этапы удаления ее с одномоментным использованием свободного перфорированного кожного аутотрансплантата, что стало оптимальным способом лечения пациента.

In the literature review the authors present data on the history of the development of diagnostics and treatment of patients with prostatolithiasis and basic information about the most effective methods of treatment of this urological nosology. Prostatolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the prostate in which, due to various etiological factors, stones are formed in the parenchyma of the prostate gland. Due to the lack of a single diagnostic algorithm, there is no accurate epidemiological information on the prevalence of prostate stones. According to various authors, this figure starts from 7.35 % and reaches 88.6 %. Depending on the localization, prostate stones are divided into endogenous, exogenous and mixed. Asymptomatic course, polyetiological pathogenesis, frequent recurrences of the inflammatory process in the prostate gland with the subsequent appearance of symptoms of the lower urinary tract, sclerosis of the prostate and bladder neck determine the extremely important role of this pathology. Prostatolithiasis, due to its specific clinical course, continues to be one of the most poorly studied problems in men of active working age, as well as in elderly men.