No abstract

Fourteen species new for science are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Six species of them are from South Korea, i.e. Bryostigma huriellae S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Caloplaca ulleungensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Enterographa dokdoensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Neobrownliella salyangensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Rufoplaca aesan- ensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Squamulea coreana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, and seven species are from Chile: Caloplaca nothocitrina S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Caloplaca nothoholocarpa S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Caloplaca patagoniensis S. Y. Kondr., S.-O. Oh et J.-S. Hur, Follmannia suborthoclada S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, ‘Lecidea’buellielloides S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Mass- jukiella rusavskioides S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Rehmanniella poeltiana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, as well as one species, i.e. Pyrenodesmia vernadskiensis S. Y. Kondr., T. O. Kondratiuk et I. Yu. Parnikoza, similar to Antarctic endemic species Huea coralligera, is from Argentine Islands, Western Antarctic Peninsula. The member of the genus Pyrenodesmia A. Massal. is for the first time confirmed by molecular data from the Antarctic.Eighteen new combinations, i.e. Massjukiella impolita (for Caloplaca impolita Arup), Massjukiella pollinarioides (for Xanthoria pollinarioides L. Lindblom et D. M. Wright), Massjukiella stellata (for Caloplaca stellata Wetmore et Karnefelt), Massjukiella tenax (for Xanthoria tenax L. Lindblom), and Massjukiella tenuiloba (for Xanthoria tenuiloba L. Lindblom), Pyrenodesmia albopruinosa (for Biatorina albopruinosa Arnold), Pyrenodesmia ceracea (for Caloplaca ceracea J. R. Laundon), Pyrenodesmia cretensis (for Blastenia cretensis Zahlbr.), Pyrenodesmia erythrocarpa (for Patellaria erythrocarpa Pers.), Pyrenodesmia haematites (for Lecanora haematitesChaub. ex St.-Amans), Pyrenodesmia percrocata (for Blastenia percrocata Arnold), Pyrenodesmia soralifera (for Caloplaca soralifera Vondrak et Hrouzek), Pyrenodesmia transcaspica (for Lecanora transcaspica Nyl.), Pyrenodesmia viridirufa (for Lecidea viridirufa Ach.), Pyrenodesmia xerica (for Caloplaca xerica Poelt et Vezda), as well as Rehmanniella leucoxantha (for Amphilo-ma leucoxanthum Mull. Arg.), Rehmanniella syvashica (for Caloplaca syvashica Khodos., Vond- rak et Soun), and Rehmanniella subgyalectoides (for Caloplaca subgyalectoides S. Y. Kondr. et Karnefelt) are proposed.Buelliella inops and Zwackhiomyces aff. berengerianus are for the first time recorded from South America as well as from Follmannia orthoclada (as lichenicolous fungi). Caloplaca poliotera, Rinodina convexula and Rinodina kozukensis are new to the Republic of Korea, and new localities as well as illustrations for the further 13 new and rare lichen species recently described from Eastern Asia are provided too.

Virus diversity in Antarctic biotopes remains understudied. Here, we describe bacteriophages isolated from terrestrial environments, provide data on their natural bacterial hosts and study phage-host systems. Six bacterial isolates (FCKU 539, FCKU 533, FCKU 534, FCKU 538, FCKU 542 and FCKU 540) were recovered and characterized. Isolated bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas genus (Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida) with optimal cultivation temperatures of 16–28°C. These bacteria and previously described Bacillus subtilis FCKU 537 were used for analysing virus-host interactions. Six lytic phages were isolated and named P. fluorescens Antarctic virus 1 (PFAV1), P. fluorescens Antarctic virus 2 (PFAV2), P. fluorescens Antarctic virus 3 (PFAV3), P. putida Antarctic virus 4 (PPAV4), Pseudomonas sp. Antarctic virus 5 (PSAV5) and B. subtilis Antarctic virus 6 (BSAV6) in relation to their natural hosts. According to electron microscopy data, these phages belonged to Caudovirales order. Cross-inoculation demonstrated high specificity of all Antarctic phages, which infected only their initial hosts at moderate temperatures. PFAV2 and PFAV3 phages also infected laboratory Pseudomonas savastanoi and P. fluorescens isolates. This paper adds new data on the occurrence and diversity of viruses and their respective bacterial hosts in soil biotopes of Antarctica.

No abstract

The structure and morphology of new biocide compositions based on silver nanoparticles and silica/polyacrylamide hybrids, as well as their diverse biological effects on traditional hospital infections and wound healing and winter wheat cultivation, were studied. The compositions showed a high bactericidal effect against bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, and fungistatic effect against the yeast genus Candida and filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Exophiala, and Fusarium. They also showed high activity in wound healing in rats and significantly changed the rate of development of winter wheat plants due to presowing treatment of seeds.