The use of gold marker enables a more precise definition of the target volume for radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. This could eventually allow a better protection of anal structures of patients with a tumor localization > or = 5 cm cranial of the anal sphincter. The implantation of the gold markers improved communication between the surgeon, the radiooncologist and the pathologist resulting in intensified exchange of relevant informations.
ZusammenfassungDer Chirurg wird in der Therapie des Rektumkarzinoms als ein entscheidender Prognosefaktor angesehen. Seine Verantwortlichkeit für einen langfristigen Therapieerfolg liegt nicht nur in der Gewährleistung einer komplikationsarmen Operation (geringe Morbidität und Letalität), sondern auch im Erlernen moderner Resektionstechniken (z. B. der totalen mesorektalen Exzision, TME), im Erwerb profunder onkologischer Kenntnisse und in seiner Fähigkeit aktiv an interdisziplinären, multimodalen Konzepten (prä-und postoperative Radiochemotherapie) zur Behandlung lokal fortgeschrittener Rektumkarzinome (UICC-II/ III-Stadien) teil zu haben. Gegenwärtig besitzt der histologisch überprüfte tumorfreie Resektionsrand, die R0-Klassifikation, den größten Einfluss auf das Überleben von RektumkarzinomPatienten. Insbesondere durch eine sorgfältige Untersuchung der zirkumferentiellen Resektionsränder am tumortragenden TME-Resektat kann der Pathologen jene Patienten identifizieren, die im weiteren postoperativen Verlauf ein hohes Risiko für ein Lokalrezidiv haben. Dabei führt ein zirkumferentieller Resektionsrand von < 1-2 mm (formal eine R0-Resektion) zu einer erhöhten Rate an Karzinomrezidiven. Zudem ist die Prognose der Rektumkarzinom-Patienten signifikant verschlechtert, sofern eine lymphatische Metastasierung vorliegt. Folglich ist eine umfassende histologische Untersuchung von Lymphknoten im TME-Rektum-Resektat unumgänglich. Verschiedene Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass je mehr Lymphknoten im Präparat analysiert werden, desto präziser das histopathologische Staging
AbstractThe surgeon remains a crucial prognostic factor in the treatment of rectal cancer. His responsibility goes beyond the actual surgery (morbidity and letality). It also requires his experience in colorectal surgery (including the technique of total mesorectal excision, TME), his oncological view of rectal cancer disease, and his skills in taking part at interdisciplinary multimodal treatment schedules (pre-or postoperative radiochemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (UICC stage II/III)). Because of the risk of dissemination of cancer cells during surgery, the extent of resection, and the responsibility of performing a curative R0 resection the surgeon is a key player in the attempt to avoid cancer recurrence. At present, the R classification (histopathologically checked resection margin) has the greatest influence on the survival in patients with rectal cancer and requires special attention by the investigator. Especially the pathologist's very careful evaluation of the circumferential tumor margins in the TME specimens can identify those patients who are at a high risk for local cancer recurrence. A circumferential tumor free margin of less than 1-2 mm resulted in an enhanced rate of cancer relapse. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer is significantly lower if they carry a lymphogeneous metastatic disease. A thorough pathologic assessment of the lymph nodes in the resected specimen of rectal cancer is therefore mandatory ...
We report on the case of a 38-year-old male patient with a huge extramural gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) of the stomach, located in the left upper and middle abdominal cavity that was diagnosed on the basis of a spontaneous -rupture and consecutive haemoperitoneum. The lesion was resected completely in an emergency operation. The tumour was classified as a high-risk lesion for aggressive biological behaviour and with regard to tumour rupture with perforation of the serosa, an adjuvant systemic therapy was indicated.
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