The outpatient monitoring of the endometrium is mandatory in a defined high-risk population. Countless reports support this thesis. The authors' candidates for screening include initial samples of all patients over 40 years of age, with annual evaluation of a high risk group. This included patients with a family history of endometrial cancer, where the endometrium is subjected to continue estrogen stimulation either exogenous or endogenous, abnormal perimenopausal or postmenopausal bleeding, low fertility, and the medical triad of obesity, diabetes and/or hypertension. The methodology of monitoring is outlined and assessed. The ease of performance, inexpensiveness, and accuracy of 94% had led the authors to support cytology. Combined cytology, histology and hysteroscopy are needed in selected cases.

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Forty-two cases of pre-invasive and invasive cancer of the cervix diagnosed by histology were studied cytologically and cytogenetically. Preinvasive lesions showed a good correlation between the cytologic impression and the histologic diagnosis. However, among 17 patients with invasive cancer, there were 2 completely negative cytologic impressions. These were in cases having modal chromosome counts of 47 and 48, respectively. This study demonstrates that some invasive cancers of the cervix are resistant to cytologic diagnosis because of their peridiploid chromosome counts and lack of anisokaryosis.

Four cases of benign cystic mammary disease, two cases of in‐situ lobular carcinoma and eight cases of invasive mammary carcinoma are described. Benign lesions were studied both by tissue biopsy and nipple secretions. All showed normal diploid karyotypes. Carcinoma in situ presented predominantly normal diploid karyotypes but, because this lesion was seen in conjunction with benign cystic disease, both probably contributed to the metaphase spreads studied. One invasive tumor showed a normal diploid karyotype. The other seven were aneuploid. Tumors with multiple chromosomal abberations and with multiple modal numbers appear to be more aggressive. The role played by such factors is discussed.

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