Viral diseases are one of the factors governing yield of cereal crops which is a key element to guaranteeing food security in Ukraine. This work assesses spread of most harmful viruses infecting cereals in agriecosystems using different diagnostic approaches. Methods. Viruses were detected in collected samples using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commercial test systems specific to 12 cereal viruses. Transmission electron microscopy was used for direct detection of virus particles. Results. To evaluate the spread of cereal viruses, we have carried out a 15-year monitoring of cereal crops in different regions of Ukraine. For virus screening, we collected plants with typical virus-like symptoms (mosaic, leaf discoloration, etc.). We have identified arthropod-transmitted viruses: Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV), Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) were sporadically detected in the commercial fields under cereals, as well as several soil-borne viruses, including Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Conclusions. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Wheat dwarf virus are the most spread viruses endangering cereals' cultivation in Ukraine. During the last 15 years, these viruses gained not only in terms of spread but also in the context of their economic effect.

Amino acid content of proteins, fatty acid composition of oil, glucosinolate content, nutritive value of protein products and functional properties of protein isolates from rape seeds of spring and winter varieties of modern selection were studied in this work. Investigated rape samples had low glucosinolate and low erucic acid content. Tetrachimena piriformis was used for estimation of relative toxicity of protein products. These values were compared with the same value of casein. Suffi ciently high nutritive values (90.1-95.9%) of winter rape cake, both samples of rape meal and protein isolates were detected. Rape seed protein isolates had high oil binding, emulsifying and foaming capacities. At the same time, water holding capacity of rape seed protein isolates was lower than that of soy protein isolates. We have concluded that protein products from rape seeds of modern selection are important sources of feed and food proteins. Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/8/18 8:09 AM