Widespread Viral Diseases Endangering Cereal Crops in Ukraine

Abstract

Viral diseases are one of the factors governing yield of cereal crops which is a key element to guaranteeing food security in Ukraine. This work assesses spread of most harmful viruses infecting cereals in agriecosystems using different diagnostic approaches. Methods. Viruses were detected in collected samples using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commercial test systems specific to 12 cereal viruses. Transmission electron microscopy was used for direct detection of virus particles. Results. To evaluate the spread of cereal viruses, we have carried out a 15-year monitoring of cereal crops in different regions of Ukraine. For virus screening, we collected plants with typical virus-like symptoms (mosaic, leaf discoloration, etc.). We have identified arthropod-transmitted viruses: Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV), Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) were sporadically detected in the commercial fields under cereals, as well as several soil-borne viruses, including Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Conclusions. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Wheat dwarf virus are the most spread viruses endangering cereals' cultivation in Ukraine. During the last 15 years, these viruses gained not only in terms of spread but also in the context of their economic effect.

Occurrence and Characterization of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Found in Mono- and Mixed Infection with High Plains Wheat Mosaic Virus in Winter Wheat in Ukraine

“…In the present study, WSMV was confirmed to be a predominant virus in every screened region in the eastern, southern, and central parts of Ukraine (Luhansk, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Cherkassy, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia, and Odessa regions) (Figure 3, Table 2), where it caused leaf streaking mosaic and plant stunting (Figure 1) in over 85% of symptomatic wheat plants. This is in agreement with previous data [33,34] and also expands current knowledge on WSMV spread in Ukraine. Despite the fact screening of other parts (especially western regions) of Ukraine for WSMV was not conducted in this work, wide cereal cultivation in Ukraine and domestic transportation of seed material, as well as international seed trade coupled with mechanical and seed transmission of this virus, do not leave many doubts that WSMV is presumably ubiquitous in Ukraine.…”

“…Outbreaks of the disease caused by WSMV in wheat crops have occasionally occurred in Ukraine [13][14][15][16]32]. Historically, WSMV was mainly spread in the eastern part of Ukraine, but available data suggest that WSMV may now be considered the most prevalent cereal virus in Ukraine, having 'replaced' barley yellow dwarf virus, which was dominant back in the 1990s [33,34]. In addition, recently, we have also confirmed the circulation of HPWMoV in cereal crops in several eastern regions of Ukraine, which was the first report of this pathogen detected in Europe [35].…”

First report of High Plains wheat mosaic virus on different hosts in Ukraine

“…In Ukraine, wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV, Tritimovirus, Potyviridae, (+)ssRNA] remains a predominant threat for wheat production in many regions for years (Shihur et al 2018). In 2018, we collected more than 40 wheat samples showing leaf streak symptoms typical for WSMV.…”

Incidence and Spread of Cereals Viruses in 2020–2021 in Ukraine

“…In Ukraine, according to the literature, it is known about the detection of viruses in cereals that cause mosaic symptoms, in particular, WSMV (Tritimovirus, Potyviridae) [5][6][7][8]9], HPWMoV [10,11], barley stripe mosaic virus (Hordeivirus, Virgaviridae) [6,8,12], brome mosaic virus (Bromovirus, Bromoviridae) [12-14] and barley yellow mosaic virus (Bymovirus, Potyviridae) [14,15]. It is also known about the spread of viruses in the agrocenoses of our country, which cause symptoms of leaf yellowing/reddening and plant stunting: wheat dwarf virus (Mastrevirus, Geminiviridae) [17][18][19][20][21] and barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV) [14,15,[23][24][25][26], barley yellow dwarf virus MAV (BYDV-MAV) [8,24] and cereal yellow dwarf virus RPV (CYDV-RPV) [8], belonging to the group barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs).…”

“…In Ukraine, according to the literature, it is known about the detection of viruses in cereals that cause mosaic symptoms, in particular, WSMV (Tritimovirus, Potyviridae) [5][6][7][8]9], HPWMoV [10,11], barley stripe mosaic virus (Hordeivirus, Virgaviridae) [6,8,12], brome mosaic virus (Bromovirus, Bromoviridae) [12-14] and barley yellow mosaic virus (Bymovirus, Potyviridae) [14,15]. It is also known about the spread of viruses in the agrocenoses of our country, which cause symptoms of leaf yellowing/reddening and plant stunting: wheat dwarf virus (Mastrevirus, Geminiviridae) [17][18][19][20][21] and barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV) [14,15,[23][24][25][26], barley yellow dwarf virus MAV (BYDV-MAV) [8,24] and cereal yellow dwarf virus RPV (CYDV-RPV) [8], belonging to the group barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs). It should be noted that in 2021 the taxonomy of viruses that cause yellow dwarf disease has changed, in particular, BYDV-PAV, BYDV-MAV, barley yellow dwarf virus PAS (BYDV-PAS), barley yellow dwarf virus kerII, and barley yellow dwarf virus kerIII belong to the genus Luteovirus of the family Tombusviridae [27]; cereal yellow dwarf virus RPS (CYDV-RPS) and CYDV-RPV belong to the genus Polerovirus of the family Solemoviridae; Barley yellow dwarf virus GPV (BYDV-GPV) and barley yellow dwarf virus SGV (BYDV-SGV) are not included in the familySolemoviridae [27,28].…”