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Introduction: The liquid vaporizers are very commonly used as residential insecticides in developing countries. Neurotoxic effects of pyrethroids have been reported earlier but studies regarding their histopathological effects on motor cortex area of cerebrum are rare. So the present study was planned to assess and compare the effects of pyrethroid based mosquito repellent inhalation in the motor cortex of rat CNS. Method: Twenty albino rats were divided into two groups of control and experimental. Rats in experimental group were exposed to 3.2% w/v prallethrin vapours 12 hours daily for 180 days. Control animals were kept under identical conditions without exposure to said repellent. The animals were sacrificed after 180 days. Their Cerebrum removed and processed. Sections cut and stained with Haematoxylin, Eosin and thionin. Result: Neurohistological alteration in our study in experimental rats were, loss of organisation of the cortical layer, increased density of inflammatory cells and initial signs of neuronal damage when compared to control ones Conclusion: The findings of our study establish that pyrethroids given by inhalational route do cause neurotoxicity on chronic exposure as shown by inflammatory and degenerative changes in the histological sections of CNS.

Trifurcation of the common carotid artery in the neck region is a rare anatomical variation. In the present study, we reported a rare case having the combination of anomalies of the bilateral high common carotid arteries trifurcation and variable origin of lower branches of the external carotid artery during routine dissection of the head and neck region of a 60-year-old male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy. Both on the left and right sides of the neck region, the common carotid artery gave off three terminal branches: internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Further, we also observed the presence of bilateral linguofacial trunks (common arterial trunks) that emerged from the external carotid arteries and also the left superior thyroid artery that originated directly from the left common carotid artery. Even though the embryogenesis of the variable origin of such arterial trunks is not apparent, it is very indispensable to have sound knowledge and better comprehension of the accurate anatomical architecture of such a rare combination of carotid arterial system anomalies for correct interpretation of the vascular imaging that pave the pathway for successful execution of surgical interventions in the neck region because of its utmost clinical implication.

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