Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease refers to any infection in the female lower reproductive tract that spreads to the upper reproductive tract. The disease comprises a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the upper female genital tract, including any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess and pelvic peritonitis.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major health issue in developing countries particularly in Sub -Saharan Africa. It has been estimated to affect about 3.5 billion people globally and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children. Aims: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among patients attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among patients attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto state, between May to November 2017. Methodology: A total of 245 participants were enrolled in the study. Standard parasitological examination was carried out on stool samples using microscopic examination. Results: Finding revealed that 29 (11.8%) were positive for intestinal parasitic infections. Males  recorded  higher  prevalence  than  the  females  with 19 (11.9%)  and  10 (11.7%),  respectively. Conclusion: Low level of  education,  occupational  status, poor water supply  were  among the significant  risk  factors  for  these  infections. Prevalence and  intensity  of  parasitic  infections  among  the  study community could be reduce by Creating awareness, level of sanitation, water supply and deworming programme  among  school  children.

Three hundred (300) post-operative wound swab specimens were aseptically collected from four hospitals and investigated. The four hospitals were Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi (FMCM), General Hospital, Gboko (GHG), General Hospital, Otukpo (GHO) and General Hospital North Bank, Makurdi (GHNBM). The swabs were cultured and organisms identified according to standard procedures. A prevalence rate of bacterial isolates (56.7%) was obtained from the post-operative wound sites investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most encountered pathogen with 20.3% prevalence rate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.0%), while 8.3% accounted for co-infection of both organisms. Other organisms encountered included Klebsiella spp. (4.0%), Escherichia coli (3.3%), atypical coliform (2.7%), and Proteus spp. (2.3%). Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes had the least prevalent rate of 1.3% each. Statistically, Chi square analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the number of isolates from FMCM, GHQ, GHO and GHNBM and in the occurrence of both organisms in relation to sex (p˃0.05). The incidence of P. aeruginosa was highest (38.4%) at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, compared with other collection points investigated while that of Staphylococcus aureus was highest (37.5%) at FMCM compared with all other collection points' investigated. Antibiogram studies revealed that P. aeruginosa was most susceptible to levoxin to the magnitude of 98.4%. While P. aeruginosa was resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, S. aureus was only resistant to tetracycline. The findings have revealed that nosocomial wound infections remain a menace in medical management of wounds.

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