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Dimetalated amides 1 (Y = O) were generated as the synthons of carbamoyllithiums 2 (Y = O) by the reaction of isocyanates with iBu2AlTenBu and a subsequent tellurium-lithium exchange reaction. A series of amide derivatives 3 (Y = O) were obtained by the trapping of dianion 1 with electrophiles. This transformation can be successfully applied to the generation and trapping of thiocarbamoyllithium synthons 1 (Y = S) as well as to the nucleophilic introduction of the parent carbamoyl moiety H2NC(O).

Laccase from 5 white-rot fungal strains (4 Trametes and 1 Pycnoporus strains) were evaluated in the removal spectra with/without mediators against 11 EDCs. Purified laccase from Trametes sp. was also used to reveal the precise degradation spectra and degradation profiles in time course against 20 EDCs with/without mediators. In addition, effectivity of laccase for the purification of complex EDCs contamination was evaluated combining several EDCs. The removal characteristics among tested strains were almost the same and crude/purified laccase could remove various EDCs. Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), pyrene (PY), anthracene, 3,5-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol could not be removed by laccase. DEHP and PY could not be removed even with mediators. Vanillin and vanillic acid revealed to be possible naturally occurring mediators. Laccase-mediator system could expand the degradation spectrum and enhance the EDCs removal ratio and rate. When complex mixtures of EDCs were treated with laccase, the removal ratio was enhanced in comparison to that of single application. Some coexisting EDCs could act as mediators. Thus, the availability of laccase and the effectivity of a mediator on EDCs treatment were indicated.

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