Fipronil is one of organochlorine pesticide with persistent nature in the environment. Fipronil can be biologically removed by utilizing bioremediation that utilizes microorganism activity. This research was conducted to remove fipronil in Stone Mineral Salt Solution (SMSs) liquid media by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp. with temperature and fipronil concentration as independent variable. Fipronil removal was conducted with temperature variations of 25, 30 and 35°C and fipronil concentration of 30, 40 and 50 mg/L. Based on the conducted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) test, an optimal fipronil removal was achieved on 30°C temperature for three days with fipronil concentration of 40 mg/L. This finding shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp. are able to remove fipronil with 65% efficiency, so that this research can be carried further to acknowledge physical parameter that influence fipronil removal in liquid media.

<strong>Aims: </strong>This planning aims to obtain the optimum flush volume on the design of sewerage in South Tangerang City. <strong>Methodology and results:</strong> Factors affecting this flushing are the length of pipelines, the service area, and topographic conditions. The sewer drain that needs flushing is Line 1–WWTP since the minimum velocity is not eligible due to its relatively low average topographic slope. The flushing is required particularly for the Section 1–2. Hence, two alternatives were devised by dividing the Population Equivalent (PE) in Section 1–2 into three segments. Those alternatives were differentiated by the PE—20%, 5%, and 75% for Alternative 1; whereas 10%, 15%, and 75% for Alternative 2. Alternative 1 requires flushing on Section 1–1.1 since it has a d_min of 7 cm and v_min of 0.2585 m/s, yielding a flush volume of 3.94 m³ (0.0193 m³/s). Section 1.1–1.2 still needs flushing because this channel has a v_min of 0.4281 m/s and a qualified d_min of 15 cm, generating a flush volume of 7.89 m³ (0.2113 m³/s). Flushing is not necessary for Section 1.2–2 due to its sufficient d_min of 63 cm and v_min of 0.88 m/s. Alternative 2 requires flushing on Section 1–1.1 since it has a d_min of 7 cm and a v_min of 0.2585 m/s, resulting in a flush volume of 2.63 m³ (0.0193 m³/s). Section 1.1–1.2 still requires flushing on account of its v_min of 0.3877 m/s and the yielded flush volume of 18.4 m³ (0.2625 m³/s), though its d_min of 13 cm complies with the standard. Section 1.2–2 does not need flushing as it already has a d_min of 63 cm and a v_min of 0.88 m/s. The total flush volumes for Alternative 1 and Alternative 2 are 11.83 m³ and 21.04 m³, respectively. <strong>Conclusion, significance, and impact of the study: </strong>The total flush volume for Alternative 1 is 11.83 m³, while Alternative 2 is 21.04 m³. Thus, the optimum design having the least flush volume is Alternative 1.

No abstract

Chlorpyrifos is a toxic organophosphate type of insecticide with a molecular formula of C9H11Cl3NO3PS. Bioremediation is an environmental friendly method used to combat this insecticide through microbial enzymatic activity. This study therefore aims to eliminate chlorpyrifos with temperature variations and concentrations of Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus fumigatus fungi acts as bioremedian to degrade the activity of chlorpyrifos using temperature ranges of 25-35oC at a 0.5-1.5% concentration rate. However, using the Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) method, optimum chlorpyrifos degradation was achieved at 25oC with a 1.5% concentration for 5 days in potato dextrose broth (PDB) liquid media. This shows that A. fumigatus has the ability to remove chlorpyrifos with an efficiency of 95.92% from its initial concentration of 80 ppm.

This planning is aim to design the plumbing system at Gayanti City Apartment with a separate system or grey water recycling system so that the efficiency cost of the recycling system will be known. Clean water system from PAM JAYA DKI and recycle water system from grey water that distributed to Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) to be treated and reused for flushing closet and watering plants are designed for this apartment. The amount of the clean water needed is 116.6 m3/day and the amount of the recycle water needed is 18.64 m3/day. Water supply system that applied to this apartment is roof tank system. Calculation of water consumption's fluctuations to determine the capacity of reservoirs and pumps are using Four Winds Apartment, Bellagio Apartment, Thamrin Residences Apartment, and Karet Kuningan Apartment as a comparison with the same criteria as the designed apartment. The capacity of the clean ground water tank is 123.5 m3 and the recycle ground water tank is 12 m3. Transfer pumps work for 12 hour/day (1 time pause) and the capacity of clean roof water tank is 31.5 m3 and the recycled one is 6.7 m3. Based on the chosen alternative in design, Gayanti City Apartment is using the first water supply system alternative that needs 18 stand pipes of clean water and 18 stands pipes of recycle water with 4 PRVs mounted on each stand pipes and booster pump installed for the top 6 floors. The amount of clean water needed is 116.6 m3/day and recycle water is 18.64 m3/day. Waste water produced is equal to 93.28 m3 which 80% of it is the grey water that will be treated in Waste Water Treatment Plant into recycle water. Total amount of clean and recycled water investment and reservoir constructions is Rp. 1,637,227,201,- and percentage of clean water that can be saved from the application of recycling system is 18% with total efficiency cost Rp 233,932/day or Rp 7,017,960/month.