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The concentration of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat kernels determines up to 30.0% of the quality of the final product.  The purpose of the current study is to analyze the results of breeding improvement of spring durum wheat according to this trait in  Russia, at all breeding stages. There was conducted the study based on the varieties of 4–7 stages of breeding in 11 environmental  complexes (year, point) in 2014–2018. There were studied 29 genotypes. The plot area was 5.0–10.0 m2 with a 3-fold repetition.  The concentration of yellow pigments in kernels was identified by extracting them with saturated n-butanol and with a subsequent  photo-colorimetry at a wavelength of 440 ... 450 nm. As a result, there was established a significant increase in the concentration of  carotenoids in kernels of the best genotypes in the main breeding Russian centers (+25–70.0% to the variety of 4-th stage of breeding  “Kharkovsky 46”). The best varieties were “Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya”, “Bezenchukskaya krepost”, “Bezenchukskaya 210” (Samara  RIA), “Saratovskaya zolotistaya” (RIA of the South-East) and the breeding lines “Gordeiforme 677” (FGBNU FANTSA), “D2098”  (RIA of the South-East) and “1368D-18” (Samara RIA). These genotypes are recommended to be used as initial material in breeding  and for the development of recombinant inbred lines for marking QTL that control the synthesis of carotenoids in durum wheat kernels  and organize a marker-associated breeding technology on this basis.

The adaptability of grain varieties' productivity is formed in the process of their development under the influence of the environmental conditions of the breeding center, the properties of the initial material and component characteristics due to which the identification of the varieties is carried out. The International Program “Kazakh-Siberian Wheat Improvement for Spring Durum Wheat” (IP KaSibWI SDW) has used the genotypes of seven institutions from Russia and Kazakhstan and their geographic locations as environmental areas. The study of two sets of varieties (25 varieties in 2015-2016 and 26 varieties in 2018) in the KaSib system made it possible to distribute breeding centers according to their “specialization” in the formation of adaptive properties (Malchikov et al., 2018). In particular, there has been found that the staff of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (hereinafter the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture) developed the varieties of wide adaptation (area). Consequently, the traits closely correlating with the productivity on the plots of the Samara ARI may be associated with properties that determine the wide adaptation of varieties. The purpose of the research was to determine the traits correlating with varietal variability of productivity of the KaSib nurseries from Russia and Kazakhstan on the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. Field trials were carried out for three years (2015, 2016, 2018); the accounting area of the plots was 10.0 m2, with threefold repetition, with random plot placement; the sheaves for laboratory analysis were taken from each repetition (sampling area of 0.63 m2). Using the methods of correlation and path analysis, there has been established a significant correlation between variation of yield and such traits as economic coefficient (К.хозР), nature weight (H), 1000 grain weight (M1000), sterility of heads in the cenosis (Ст), number of grains per spikelet (ЧЗКК) and number of days before tillering (КДК).

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