The development and improvement of methods for the synthesis of environmentally friendly catalysts based on base metals is currently an urgent and promising task of modern catalysis. Catalysts based on nanoscale magnetite and maghemite have fast adsorption–desorption kinetics and high chemical activity. The purpose of this work is to obtain magnetic composites, determine their physicochemical characteristics and verify their activity in the process of liquid-phase oxidation of phenol with oxygen. Magnetic nanocomposites were obtained by chemical co-deposition of salts of ferrous and trivalent iron. The synthesized magnetic composites were studied by X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and Mössbauer spectroscopy, IR-Fourier spectroscopy and elemental analysis. To increase the catalytic activity in oxidative processes, the magnetite surfaces were modified using cobalt nitrate salt. Further, CoFe2O4 was stabilized by adding polyethylenimine (PEI) as a surfactant. Preliminary studies of the oxidation of phenol with oxygen, as the most typical environmental pollutant were carried out on the obtained Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4/PEI catalysts. The spectrum of the reaction product shows the presence of CH in the aromatic ring and double C=C bonds, stretching vibrations of the C=O groups of carbonyl compounds; the band at 3059 cm−1 corresponds to the presence of double C=C bonds and the band at 3424 cm−1 to hydroquinone compounds. The band at 1678 cm−1 and the intense band at 1646 cm−1 refer to vibrations of the C=O bonds of the carbonyl group of benzoquinone. Peaks at 1366 cm−1 and 1310 cm−1 can be related to the vibrations of C–H and C–C bonds of the quinone ring. Thus, it was demonstrated that produced magnetic composites based on iron oxide are quite effective in the oxidation of phenol with oxygen.

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In this study, hollow microspheres based on fly ash from the Ekibastuz coal field (Kazakhstan) and natural zeolite from the Taizhuzgen field (Kazakhstan) were used for the synthesis of catalysts. The catalysts were tested in the process of sulfur dioxide oxidation with different SO2 content in the SO2-Ar gas mixture at a flow vortex plant of the "Emulsifier" type with a capacity of 2 m 3 / h. Technology for the oxidation of SO2 with oxygen in an aqueous solution has been developed and the best technological parameters for the selective oxidation of SO2 with the production of sulfuric acid as a product have been determined. The degree of SO2 sorption is reached up to 95%. Also, the prepared catalysts were tested in the process of redox-catalytic cracking of fuel oil (with preliminary electromagnetic excitation of hydrocarbon molecules) to obtain light carbon fractions. The fuel oil of the Amangeldy Gas Processing Plant (AGPP, Kazakhstan) of the M-100 brand was studied as a feedstock. On the optimal catalyst in the products of oxidative cracking of fuel oil, the fraction of light gas oil makes up the main part. The resulting light gas oil contains a significant amount of alpha-olefins, which are scarce raw materials for the production of synthetic additives and oils.