First graders (aged 7-8) in a public elementary school served as subjects for this study. The structural components of their speech were analyzed to determine speech maturity level; total EEG activity was analyzed to assess the functional maturity of brain structures. Results showed that children with levels of speech below the age norm exhibited abnormal EEG patterns suggesting immaturity of the cerebral cortex and fronto-thalamic regulatory system, as well as impairments in the functioning of the mesodiencephalic structures and nonspecific activation systems. Abnormalities in the functioning of brain regulatory systems and the presence of local abnormalities in EEG activity of deep origin are important factors in determining the severity of functional speech impairments.

The article presents the results of a study of visual retention of the elderly people with different productivity reading. The importance of the reading process in the actualization of the psychic functions and their functional systems (for example, visual retention) has been described. It confirms the role of a reader's activities in the maintenance of cognitive reserve on the optimal level. The study included 89 people (aged 60-74 years old) born and permanently residing on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region. The technique of V.A. Borodina, S.M. Borodin was used to evaluate the productivity of reading skills. In order to study the features of the visual retention A. Benton test was used. The results of the study showed that in elderly age to safe the reading skills operations to retain clear visual images of letter marks, comparison of the optical performance with acoustic and speech motor components are relevant, otherwise it can lead to the degradation of a reader's activity. The results of correlation analysis revealed the relationship between deformations of the structural-spatial organization of the figures with the reading indicators: speed, digestion and reading productivity decrease with increase of such errors number as rotation, confabulation and distortion. Surveyed elderly patients with high reading productivity had safe function of cognitive control, reception, processing and storage of information.

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