No abstract

Affected strongly by climate change, Mekong Delta faces lots of challenges in the development process. By means of inheritance, synthesis and statistics, and sociological investigation methods, the article has figured out that Mekong Delta is a vulnerable area due to climate change and exogenous factors, such as water security; environmental pollution; degradation of forest resources and biodiversity. It is necessary to establish a long-term framework for climate change adaptation and national security towards sustainable development.

Activated carbon prepared from agricultural byproducts and wastes could be used as an absorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution. Moreover, Vietnam has presently become one of the world's biggest cashew processing countries. Cashew nut shell has been considered as a hazardous solid waste. The wasted cashew nut shell should be used as a low cost source of activated carbon absorbent. The main approaches of this study are to optimize the conditions of activated carbon production from cashew nut shell and understand the adsorption mechanism of how the dye absorb onto cashew nut shell activated carbon. The absorption model developed in this study could be useful guide for assessing the independent impacts as well as the interactions between the impact parameters and give a good idea to enhance the absorption capacity. The experimental data was fitted well to the pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second order as well as the Elovich model at different initial MB concentrations. The inconsistence of the best‐fit‐kinetic model might result in difficulties in comprehensive understanding of adsorption mechanism. Other impacts, such as competitions of components, particle size could be included in next studies to develop the absorption models of the specific activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shell.

This article critically reviews Vietnam's environmental policy development and implementation from 1991 to 2021, focusing on water and air pollution. The review integrates findings from literature research and insights obtained through expert interviews. The results indicate that Vietnam has demonstrated a clear commitment to environmental policy by establishing a substantial body of regulations aimed at achieving environmental protection objectives. Political attention, international integration, and public demand for a cleaner environment drive these efforts, with support from development partners. However, enforcement lags behind policy development due to interagency cooperation issues and over-decentralization. Balancing environmental protection and economic growth is a national goal but lacks operational commitment. Limited resources pose ongoing challenges. To advance, Vietnam could centralize decision-making and integrate environmental protection into economic development for broader support. Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 would reduce air pollution. This ambitious goal can be expedited through international cooperation.