Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), augmented by the concept of self-concordance (derived from self-determination theory, SDT), we conducted a study to identify the key determinants of physical activity in older adults. We applied structural equation modeling of telephone survey data from a random sample of adults aged 65 years and older living in Germany (N = 865). Relations of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with intention strength and self-concordance of intention to be physically active were tested. Habit strength was analyzed as a moderator. Data analysis showed this model to be well-suited for explaining the intention to be physically active—especially for people with a weak habit. The influence of TPB components on intention would have been underestimated if we had investigated intention strength only, without considering the self-concordance of intention. While attitude and PBC had positive relations with a strong and self-determined intention, the subjective norm showed no relation with intention strength but, rather, with non-self-determined regulation forms. We conclude that the combined model provides a better theoretical foundation from which to explain physical activity intentions than does just one of the theories.

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Physical activity is an important part of healthy ageing—an issue that has become increasingly important due to demographic change and longer life expectancy. To promote physical activity in the long term, it is necessary to increase older adults’ awareness of the influence of physical activity on health as well as their interest in being active. This project provides a foundation for the evidence-based design of effective and efficient communicative measures. To this end, the authors identified crucial behavioural determinants and the health information behaviour of people aged 65 and above in Germany using a combination of semi-structured interviews and a standardised telephone survey. On this basis, they were able to outline an evidence-based communication strategy for older adults in Germany in general and in particular for vulnerable target groups.

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