No abstract

Bystander apathy has been a source of debate for decades. In the past halfcentury, psychologists developed theoretical frameworks to understand bystander activity, commonly referred to as bystander intervention models (BIMs). More recently, BIMs have been modified to facilitate initiatives to prevent various forms of online victimization. This chapter begins with a review of BIMs and recent applications of bystander intervention research to online environments. We also present several future directions for research along with applications for reducing Technology-Facilitated violence, including programming recommendations and theoretical development.

at Little Rock A number of studies have found a relationship between religious affiliation and attitudes toward LGBQ individuals. To date, however, research on religious attitudes has focused primarily on Christians. We expanded upon existing research by including two of the three largest U.S. religions previously overlooked-Islam and Judaism. We used data from the 2014 Religious Landscape Study, which provided a larger sample of Jewish (n = 475) and Muslim (n = 135) respondents than most public opinion surveys. We found that Muslim and Protestant participants were the least accepting of homosexuality and supportive of same-sex marriage compared with Roman Catholic and Jewish participants. Results also showed that fundamentalism and religiosity were significant predictors of attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage across all participants, regardless of denomination. Implications for future research and data collection efforts learned from this study are discussed.

This entry briefly reviews the historical narrative of prostitution that begins in ancient civilizations, continues through medieval Europe, and ends with current perspectives on prostitution in the United States. In this brief story of prostitution, we note key evolutions in the role prostitution plays in society, as well as common themes that have persisted throughout history.

Social media is a relatively new global phenomenon. Virtual places provide criminogenic motivators like financial gain, access to suitable targets, and massive amounts of information all under one virtual roof. Additionally, social media sites host large amounts of people in one space, generating significant opportunities for victimization. Despite the Internet's theoretical relevance to understanding victimization, scholarly research into the effects of social media activity in victimization is scarce. Using data from the Pew Research Center, I investigated the relationship between Facebook use and online harassment among adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age. The results showed that an adolescent's behavior on Facebook contributed to the likelihood of experiencing online harassment. Additionally, parental monitoring of their adolescent's Facebook activity did not have a significant moderating effect on adolescents' risk of online harassment. This research contributed to the literature by identifying specific behaviors in adolescents that increase their risk of online harassment.