No abstract

Aim:To determine the status of nutritional intake in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older, and to clarify relations of nutritional intake to age, sex and body mass index (BMI).Design: Clinical parameters and nutritional intake were investigated and compared in 912 (417 men, 495 women) elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes registered to the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial. Results:The mean daily energy intake of patients was 1802 kcal in men and 1661 kcal in women, respectively. The energy intakes per kilogram of standard bodyweight in both sexes and the energy intakes per kilogram of present bodyweight in men increased significantly with age. The protein : fat : carbohydrate (PFC) energy ratio (%E) was 15.2:25.4:59.5 in men, and 15.7:25.8:58.6 in women, respectively. Grain, oil, alcohol and soft drink intakes were higher in men than in women. Potato, fruit and green vegetable intakes were higher in women than in men. Fruit intake showed a significant age-related increase in men. In women, there was an age-related significant decrease of meat intake. An increase of BMI correlated with a significant increase in bodyweight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. The mean energy intake of three BMI groups, lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m intake per kilogram of present bodyweight decreased as BMI increased in both sexes. Energy intake per kilogram of standard bodyweight increased significantly as BMI increased in men only, but not in women. There were no differences in PFC energy ratios among the three BMI groups. In contrast, intake of soft drinks in men increased significantly as BMI increased. In women, intakes of alcohol and soft drink increased significantly as BMI increased.Conclusion: An increased energy intake per kilogram of standard bodyweight correlated with increase of BMI in men, but not in women. Intakes of soft drinks in both sexes and alcohol in women correlated with increase of BMI. These results suggest there are sex differences in the pathogenesis of obesity in elderly type 2 diabetic patients from an aspect of nutritional intake. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 29-40.

73Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) composed of valine, leucine, and isoleucine are essential amino acids and account for about 40% of dietary essential amino acids in body protein and about 15% of total amino acids in muscle proteins (1). BCAAs play a role in delayed onset of muscle soreness and fatigue, and suppression of fatigue in the central nervous system (2, 3). BCAAs have been also used for the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis (4, 5). Recently, sport enthusiasts have created an increased demand for dietary supplements with BCAAs and have increased their consumption of BCAAs-enriched soft drinks.The first step in the catabolism of BCAAs involves branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT; EC 2.6.1.42), a common enzyme. This enzyme requires vitamin B 6, which functions as a cofactor in many enzyme reactions of amino acid metabolism (6, 7). However, little information is available on the relationship between supplementation with BCAAs and the recommended daily allowance of vitamin B6. In addition, it is known that a high-protein diet (e.g., 70% casein diet) under vitamin B6 deficiency has a negative impact on several biochemical parameters and leads to fatty liver in rats (8-10).Our previous study showed that providing supplemented BCAAs under vitamin B6 deficiency and a 20% casein diet caused an accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, and individual differences in biological responses were observed (11). It is possible that a disorder of amino acid metabolism in the presence of vitamin B6 deficiency might influence the assembly of lipids and apolipoproteins and/or the secretion of lipoproteins. Among the serum lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is present during endogenous lipogenesis in the liver and its major apolipoproteins are apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo C, and apo E (12). It is interesting to compare serum apo B and apo E levels, and hepatic apoE levels to evaluate lipid deposition, because apo B and apo E are key determinants responsible for cellular recognition and internalization of chylomicron remnants, VLDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (13,14). In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism of lipid deposition in the liver of rats fed with the supplementation of BCAA under vitamin B 6 deficiency and suggested the presence of impaired secretion of VLDL into the bloodstream from the liver. Materials and MethodsDiets and animals. Four diets composed of purified 20% vitamin-free casein diet with (1) or without (2) vitamin B6 (7.0 mg of pyridoxine HCl/kg of diet) and with (1) or without (2) Summary Male Wistar rats were fed four diets composed of purified 20% vitamin-free casein diet with (1) or without (2) vitamin B6 (7.0 mg of pyridoxine HCl/kg of diet) and with (1) or without (2) branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) of valine, leucine, and isoleucine (4.75%): B6 (1)BCAA (2); B6(1)BCAA(1); B6 (2)BCAA (2); and B6 (2)BCAA (1) for 21 d. Among rats fed the B6(2)BCAA(1) diet, about a half showed lipid deposition in the liver. On the other...

No abstract

Gr a d u a t e S c h o o l o f E d u c a t i o n , Na r u t o Un i v e r s i t y o f E d u c a t i o n T h i s s t u d y i n v e s t i g a t e s t h e e f f e c t s o f y o u n g s p r o u t s o fA r a l i a e l a t a S E E M ( t a r a n o me i n J a p a n e s e ) o n t h e s e r u m a n dl i v e r l i p i d p r o f i l e s o f r a t s f e d o n a h i g h -f a t d i e t wi t h a d d e d c h o l e s t e r o l . T a r a n o me wa s f r e e z e -d r i e d , p o wd e r e d t h r o u g h a 6 0 0 -m m s i e v e a n d e x t r a c t e d wi t h e t h y l a l c o h o l . T h i s p o wd e r , t h e e x t r a c t , a n d t h e r e s i d u e f r o m t h e e x t r a c t we r e s e p a r a t e l y a d d e d t o t h e h i g h -f a t d i e t , a n d t h e e f f e c t s c o mp a r e d wi t h t h o s e o f 2 0 % c a s e i n a n d n o n -a d d e d h i g h -f a t d i e t s .Ma l e S p r a g u e -Da wl e y r a t s ( 4 we e k s o l d ) we r e a s s i g n e d t o f i v e g r o u p s a n d f e d o n t h e d i f f e r e n t d i e t s f o r 4 we e k s . I n g e s t i o n o f 5 % t a r a n o me p o wd e r a n d i t s e t h y l a l c o h o l e x t r a c t o r r e s i d u e h a d n o ma r k e d i n f l u e n c e o n t h e f o o d i n t a k e o r b o d y we i g h t g a i n , a n d t h e s e r u m i n d i c e s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e l i v e r a n d k i d n e y f u n c t i o n s we r e l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e d . F e e d i n g t h e n o n -a d d e d h i g h -f a t d i e t ma r k e d l y i n c r e a s e d t h e l i v e r l i p i d l e v e l s a n d d e c r e a s e d t h e s e r u m HDL -c h o l e s t e r o l l e v e l , b u t t h e t r i a c y l g l y c e r o l l e v e l i n t h e l i v e r wa s d e c r e a s e d b y t h e a d d e d 5 % t a r a n o me p o wd e r a n d i t s e t h y l a l c o h o l r e s i d u e . T h e s e r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t s o me c o mpo n e n t s i n t a r a n o me ma y b e u s e f u l f o r l i p i d me t a b o l i s m i n t h e l i v e r .J p n . J . Nu t r . Di e t . , 6 8 ( 5 ) 3 0 9 ～3 1 4 ( 2 0 1 0 ) Ke y wo r d s :A r a l i a e l a t a S E E M, t a r a n o me , h i g h -f a t d i e t , t r i a c y l g l y c e r o l , t o t a l c h o l e s t e r o l 研究ノート キーワード：タラの木，タラの芽，高脂肪食，トリアシルグリセロール，総コレステロール