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In this paper, we derived a new operational matrix of fractional integration of arbitrary order for modified generalized Laguerre polynomials. The fractional integration is described in the Riemann-Liouville sense. This operational matrix is applied together with the modified generalized Laguerre tau method for solving general linear multi-term fractional differential equations (FDEs). Only small dimension of a modified generalized Laguerre operational matrix is needed to obtain a satisfactory result. Illustrative examples reveal that the present method is very effective and convenient for linear multi-term FDEs on a semi-infinite interval.

To broaden the range of applicability of variable-order fractional differential models, reliable numerical approaches are needed to solve the model equation. In this paper, we develop Laguerre spectral collocation methods for solving variable-order fractional initial value problems on the half line. Specifically, we derive three-term recurrence relations to efficiently calculate the variable-order fractional integrals and derivatives of the modified generalized Laguerre polynomials, which lead to the corresponding fractional differentiation matrices that will be used to construct the collocation methods. Comparison with other existing methods shows the superior accuracy of the proposed spectral collocation methods.

In this study, we consider a linear nonhomogeneous differential equation with variable coefficients and variable delays and present a novel matrix-collocation method based on Morgan-Voyce polynomials to obtain the approximate solutions under the initial conditions. The method reduces the equation with variable delays to a matrix equation with unknown MorganVoyce coefficients. Thereby, the solution is obtained in terms of Morgan-Voyce polynomials. In addition, two test problems together with error analysis are performed to illustrate the accuracy and applicability of the method; the obtained results are scrutinized and interpreted by means of tables and figures.

In this paper, the fractional-order generalized Laguerre operational matrices (FGLOM) of fractional derivatives and fractional integration are derived. These operational matrices are used together with spectral tau method for solving linear fractional differential equations (FDEs) of order ν (0 < ν < 1) on the half line. An upper bound of the absolute errors is obtained for the approximate and exact solutions. Fractional-order generalized Laguerre pseudo-spectral approximation is investigated for solving nonlinear initial value problem of fractional order ν. The extension of the fractional-order generalized Laguerre pseudo-spectral method is given to solve systems of FDEs. We present the advantages of using the spectral schemes based on fractional-order generalized Laguerre functions and compare them with other methods. Several numerical examples are implemented for FDEs and systems of FDEs including linear and nonlinear terms. We demonstrate the high accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed techniques.