Ximenia americana bark, leaves, and fruits which belong to the family Olacaceae traditionally used for the treatment of different human ailments. The study was conducted to evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant. Chemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The extract was active against different microbiological organisms were found. Phytochemical screening extract showed the presence of saponins, few alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, triterpenes sterols, and coumarins in all extracts and fractions. Anthrax-quinones, starch, general glycosides, and bitter principles were found to be present in the extract. The study supports the traditional use of this plant by herbalists as a remedy and curing different ailments.

Plant extracts are, nowadays extensively used as environmentally friendly ways for biological control of insect and plant diseases, instead of using chemical pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the effect of Calotropis procera, Poultry manure, Carbofuran, and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) on root-knot nematode (M. incognita) in tomato crop. To study the efficacy of different botanical extracts for management of root-knot nematode, M. incognita in Zalingei, Central Darfur, Sudan, a pot experiments were conducted. Results showed that all biological extracts caused significant decreases in egg hatching and increasing nematode mortality and increasing growth and yield parameters of tomato crop. It found that these biological extracts are involved in plant defense and hence provide resistance against nematode attack that reveals with good response to the environment and saving human life.

The need for natural antimicrobials is paramount to avoid harmful synthetic chemicals. This study investigated the antifungal activity of some medicinal and Aromatic Plants against mold. Rhizopus stolonifer is one of the strong parasitic pathogens, which can cause fruits and vegetables causing economic losses. The study aimed to determine the antifungal activity by using the natural compounds of (Clove; Neem; Tea, and pomegranate). Different concentrations (0.1, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 ppm) prepared from these extracts inhibited the growth of the test pathogens and the effect gradually increased with concentration. Clove aqueous extracts showed a broad antifungal spectrum at all studied concentrations, followed by Tea, Neem, and Pomegranate. The study suggested that Clove was to be significantly very effective against Rhizopus stolonifer. Result proves that pomegranate was not very effective in controlling the mold in this study in the mean of a few toxic compounds to Rhizopus spp.

In the present study, the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin has received a great attention as agents for disease vector control. The main objective of this work is encouraging the use of natural product pesticide friendly to environment. The ethanolic extract of leaves flowers from the Sudanese plant Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) were tested against house fly. The obtained results indicated that the crude latex extracted by ethanol, butane and distilled water from both leaves and flowers were more efficient than leaves or flower only. Ethanol and butane have a significant effect on house fly mortality.

The study comprised two parts, laboratory and field study to assess the potentialities of alcoholic crude extracts of the three plants species as control agents. The laboratory works: different concentrations of Alcoholic crude extracts from Khaya senegalensis (Mahogany), Boscia senegalensis (Mokhait), and Acacia nubica (La’ot) barks were prepared. The Field work: The interviews carried out during June 2006 in Zalingei area - Central Darfur State - western Sudan. The results of the interviews showed that farmers use several native plants for the solution of pest problem; these plants are naturally distributed in the area year round and handy to the farmers. This is one of the reasons that encouraged farmers to use these plants. A field experiment was conducted for two successive seasons (2017/ 2018) and (2018/2019) at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum – Shambat. Three different concentrations were compared with the negative control and positive control to study the effect of bark extracts on whitefly in Okra plant. The results justified need for further research on effect of the three plants species extracts against pests with an emphasis on more investigation to identify and determine their modes of action, stability and persistence etc... to develop the most effective components of the extracts to enable their use in Integrated Pests Management program.