This research was intended to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of single or combined administration of nanoparticles of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr 2 O 3 NPs), and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), on genetic and metabolic insult in fructose/streptozotocin diabetic rat model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by feeding sixty adult male albino rats with a high fructose diet accompanied by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into 6 groups (10 rats/each) and the doses of nanoparticles were 10 mg/kg b.wt for ZnONPs, 1 mg/kg b.wt for Cr 2 O 3 , and 0.4 mg/kg b.wt for SeNPs. The results displayed that diabetes significantly decreased bodyweight, serum insulin, C-peptide, adiponectin levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, serum superoxide dismutase activities, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total antioxidant capacity while causing a substantial increase in serum glucose, C-reactive protein, atherogenic index, HOMA–IR, malondialdehyde, lipid profile, interleukin-6 levels, and liver function and kidney function parameters. Furthermore, the findings showed a decrease in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) hepatic mRNA expression level and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) adipocyte mRNA expression level in type 2 diabetic rats. DNA damage was confirmed by performing the comet assay. Moreover, histological observation of pancreatic and hepatic tissues was performed, which were consistent with the biochemical results. The present study confirmed that oral administration of ZnONPs, Cr 2 O 3 NPs, SeNPs, and their mixture improved all the biochemical and genetic parameters toward normal levels and ameliorated the diabetic consequences that were manifested by restricting cellular DNA damage which maintaining pancreatic and hepatic tissues from oxidative damage. The best reported antidiabetic effect was observed in the mixture administered group.

Peptic ulcer is considered to be one of the most common diseases especially in old age persons due to, the prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).The present study was done to evaluate the protective and improvement effects of oral administration of each of pumpkin pulp and seed aqueous and ethanolic extracts on gastrointestinal ulcer lesions induced by oral administration of indomethacin in rats. The results showed that indomethacin induced ulceration and inflammations in stomach and small intestine in rats revealed by a significant elevation in xanthine oxidase (XO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Moreover, a significant increase in neutrophils infiltration and lipid peroxidation were evidenced by significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) with decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. However, treatments with pumpkin pulp and / or seed extracts caused a significant decrease in the values of gastric volume, free and total acidity in all groups of rats after administration of pumpkin pulp and / or seeds oil extracts and a significant protective and improvement effects on gastrointestinal status was observed compared to indomethacin pathogenic group.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese toxicity by manganese chloride (MnCl 2) on the experimental animals and to evaluate the efficacy of phytic acid and/or ascorbic acid in attenuating the deleterious effect induced by manganese toxicity. For this purpose, thirty healthy rabbits weighing 1655±367.07g were divided into five groups each of six rabbits. Group 1; rabbits fed on commercial diet and normal water served as normal control; group 2; rabbits fed on commercial diet and received 200 mg/L of MnCl 2 in drinking water. Group 3; rabbits received MnCl 2 in drinking water (200mg/L) and fed on commercial diet supplemented with phytic acid (20 g /kg diet). Group 4; rabbits fed on commercial diet and received 200 mg/L MnCl 2 in drinking water and orally administrated with ascorbic acid (30mg/kg body weight daily). Group 5; rabbits received MnCl 2 in drinking water (200mg/L) and fed phytic acid (20 g /kg diet) and orally administrated ascorbic acid (30mg/kg body weight daily) by intragastric tube. Results showed that MnCl 2 intoxication significantly reduced haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and serum iron with a significant increase in total iron binding capacity. Also, it induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level accompanied by a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, MnCl 2 intoxication caused a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) activities. Also, serum urea and creatinine significantly elevated in MnCl 2-intoxicated group. An improvement was noticed in these altered parameters after oral administration of phytic acid and/or ascorbic acid.