Forest plantations in North-western Tunisia suffer high early seedling mortality and slow growth. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the survival and growth of planted Zeen Oak (Quercus canariensis Lamk.) in response to tree shelters and mulching. Three tree shelters (non-vented tree shelter,
vented tree shelter, and control with no shelters) and five mulch types (Italian Stone Pine, Lentisk,
combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk (organic mulches), gravel (inorganic mulch) and no mulch) were tested. One year after establishment, seedling mortality rate was very low (2.36 %) and was not significantly affected by any of the studied factors. Seedlings growing inside tree shelters responded with significant increases in height exceeding 50 % that of unsheltered seedlings. This enhanced growth is due to
larger number of growth units per annual shoot, and longer annual shoots and growth units. In contrast, the
stem diameter growth was severely reduced inside tree shelters, resulting in narrow stems with insufficient strength to support their weight. The unsheltered seedlings were shorter and sturdier, with significantly larger basal diameter in response to the lack of shelter. Mulching had no significant impact on early survival, basal stem diameter or height growth. However, a small beneficial effect, resulting in an increase in the number
of internodes and the GU (growth units) length was observed under inorganic mulch suggesting that growth conditions under inorganic mulch were slightly improved. Our results suggest that tree shelters, especially the vented type, could improve the growth of Zeen Oak seedlings planted in North-western Tunisia.
Effet du paillage et des abris-serres sur la survie et la croissance de plants de Chêne-liège (Quercus suber L.) durant quatre saison de croissance.
Cinq modalités de paillage (Pin pignon, Lentisque, mélange de Pin pignon et de Lentisque (paillages organiques), gravier (paillage inorganique) et témoin), ainsi que trois modalités d’abris-serres (non aérés, aérés et témoins) ont été testées. Aucun des deux types d’abris-serres aéré et non aéré n’a eu d’effet significatif sur le taux de survie des plants, alors qu’ils ont significativement augmenté la croissance en hauteur moyenne des plants, par rapport au témoin, respectivement de 74-104% et 93-106 % durant les quatre années. Contrairement à la croissance en hauteur, le diamètre moyen de la tige à la base des plants des abris-serres aéré et non-aéré a été significativement plus petit que celui du témoin, durant toute la période d’étude, respectivement de 23-31 % et 38-42 %. Les abris-serres ont significativement affecté le microclimat autour des plants par augmentation ou diminution de la température, de l’humidité relative et du déficit de pression de vapeur de l’air. Ils ont réduit, par ailleurs, le taux de photosynthèse, et donc la production en biomasse totale, en raison du faible niveau lumineux. L’augmentation de la largeur et l’aération des abris pourraient aider à diminuer la température et augmenter la transmission de la lumière, ce qui pourrait les rendre plus favorables à la croissance des plants. Le paillage n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur la croissance des plants durant toute la période d’étude. L’utilisation combinée des abris-serres et du paillage n’a pas amélioré la croissance des plants.
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