Periodontitis is an infectious disease of the tooth-supporting tissues. Specific periodontal pathogens trigger inflammatory responses and result in progressive bone loss, which eventually leads to exfoliation of teeth. Periimplantitis is the destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. The periodontal pathogens found around failing implants are very similar to those associated with various forms of periodontal diseases. Genetic susceptibility has been known to be an important risk factor for periodontitis and periimplantitis and there have been numerous studies evaluating this in different populations. Many gene polymorphisms may influence individual susceptibility to periodontitis and peri-implantitis. We conducted a review of the literature for gene polymorphisms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis susceptibility in the Iranian population. A comprehensive search of the literature on human studies in English, published from January 2004 to February 2015 in PubMed database and Google scholar was performed using the key words "periodontitis," "peri-implantitis," "gene polymorphisms," and "Iranian population." Sixty-six studies were identified; 33 articles were excluded based on review of titles and abstracts. Thirty articles were eligible and had the full text evaluated. Further studies are needed to get more inclusive perception of the influence of gene polymorphisms in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Introduction. The radicular groove is a developmental groove which is usually found on the palatal or lateral aspects of the maxillary incisor teeth. The present case is a maxillary lateral incisor with a small second root and a deep radicular groove. The developmental groove caused a combined periodontal-endodontic lesion. Methods. Case was managed using a combined treatment procedure involving nonsurgical root canal therapy and surgical periodontal treatment. After completion of root canal treatment, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) was carried out using decalcified freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and a bioabsorbable collagenous membrane. Tooth also was splinted for two months. Results. After 12 months the tooth was asymptomatic. The periapical radiolucency disappeared and probing depth did not exceed 3 mm. Conclusion. Combined treatment procedure involving nonsurgical root canal therapy and surgical periodontal regenerative treatment can be a predictable technique in treating combined endodontic-periodontal lesions caused by radicular groove.

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