Magnetic resonance imaging is the most generally utilized imaging methodology that permits radiologists to look inside the cerebrum using radio waves and magnets for tumor identification. However, it is tedious and complex to identify the tumorous and nontumorous regions due to the complexity in the tumorous region. Therefore, reliable and automatic segmentation and prediction are necessary for the segmentation of brain tumors. This paper proposes a reliable and efficient neural network variant, i.e., an attention-based convolutional neural network for brain tumor segmentation. Specifically, an encoder part of the UNET is a pre-trained VGG19 network followed by the adjacent decoder parts with an attention gate for segmentation noise induction and a denoising mechanism for avoiding overfitting. The dataset we are using for segmentation is BRATS’20, which comprises four different MRI modalities and one target mask file. The abovementioned algorithm resulted in a dice similarity coefficient of 0.83, 0.86, and 0.90 for enhancing, core, and whole tumors, respectively.

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The change in market trends, of late, is marked by the growth of 'brands' for consumable items. Now, people prefer 'branded' products even for household use instead of random selection. Keeping in view the changing trend, this study explores the factors influencing purchase of private brands in Karachi and to understand how those factors affect the purchase intentions of consumers towards private brands. With the help of available literature a conceptual framework is developed to examine the factors influencing purchase intentions of consumers towards private brands. In order to test the hypotheses a self-administered questionnaire was distributed in the major areas of Karachi, which resulted in 255 useful responses. These responses are tested through the regression technique to validate the hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that the perceived price and quality are two main factors that affect the purchase intention of consumers for private brands in Pakistan. Therefore the store owners and marketing managers of private brands need to focus on devising policies that can ensure high quality of private brands with the most reasonable prices to make private brands a success in Pakistan.

The integrated marketing communication (IMC) is one of the important communication trend adopted by advertising and business organizations during last decade. This research is conducted to find out the impact of IMC practices on consumers' purchase decisions in Pakistan. In this age of globalization, with the spread of advanced and updated technologies and increase in well-informed customers, it has become essential for the business market to be more efficient to make powerful impact on the target audience and market. In Pakistan, the business market has started progressing towards an integrated approach to achieving efficiency by synergy and this concept has become one of the most significant examples of development in the marketing discipline. This research highlights the importance of IMC activities with respect to influencing consumers' purchase decisions. Through consumers feedback the research successfully found consumers preferences for IMC tools, activities, demographic profiles and buying behavior. The descriptive research design is adopted and interviews and questionnaires are used for data collection. Finally, the research concludes that consumers are becoming demanding as their demographic profiles and buying behavior are influenced by IMC activities which contribute in consumers' final purchase decisions.

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