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Purpose:To compare lobar ventilation and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained with hyperpolarized xenon 129 ( 129 Xe) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantitative computed tomography (CT) metrics on a lobar basis and pulmonary function test (PFT) results on a wholelung basis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials andMethods:The study was approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee; written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results:Percentage ventilated volume and average ADC at lobar 129 Xe MR imaging showed correlation with percentage emphysema at lobar quantitative CT (r = 20.32, P , .001 and r = 0.75, P , .0001, respectively). The average ADC at whole-lung 129 Xe MR imaging showed moderate correlation with PFT results (percentage predicted transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide [Tlco]: r = 20.61, P , .005) and percentage predicted functional residual capacity (r = 0.47, P , .05). Whole-lung quantitative CT percentage emphysema also showed statistically significant correlation with percentage predicted Tlco (r = 20.65, P , .005). Conclusion:Lobar ventilation and ADC values obtained from hyperpolarized 129Xe MR imaging demonstrated correlation with quantitative CT percentage emphysema on a lobar basis and with PFT results on a whole-lung basis.q RSNA, 2016