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Aim: To histologically evaluate the effects of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) with or without a collagen matrix (CM) on periodontal wound healing/regeneration in class III furcation defects in dogs. Materials and Methods: Class III furcation defects were surgically created in the mandibular premolars in six beagle dogs. The defects were randomly treated as follows: open flap debridement (OFD) + CM (CM), OFD + xHyA (xHyA), OFD +-xHyA + CM (xHyA/CM) and OFD alone (OFD). At 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized for histological evaluation. Results: The newly formed bone areas in the xHyA (4.04 ± 1.51 mm 2 ) and xHyA/CM (4.32 ± 1.14 mm 2 ) groups were larger than those in the OFD (3.25 ± 0.81 mm 2 ) and CM (3.31 ± 2.26 mm 2 ) groups. The xHyA (6.25 ± 1.45 mm) and xHyA/CM (6.40 ± 1.35 mm) groups yielded statistically significantly (p < .05) greater formation of new connective tissue attachment (i.e., new cementum, with inserting connective tissue fibres) compared with the OFD (1.47 ± 0.85 mm) group. No significant differences were observed in any of the histomorphometric parameters between the xHyA and xHyA/CM groups. Complete furcation closure was not observed in any of the four treatment modalities. Conclusions: Within their limits, the present results suggest that the use of xHyA with or without CM positively influences periodontal wound healing in surgically created, acute-type class III furcation defects.

Objectives The potential additive effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) to a subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for recession coverage is still controversially discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of gingival recessions treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) and CTG with or without EMD in dogs. Materials and methods Gingival recession defects (5 mm wide and 7 mm deep) were surgically created on the labial side of bilateral maxillary canines in 7 dogs. After 8 weeks of plaque accumulation and subsequent 2 weeks of chemical plaque control, the 14 chronic defects were randomized to receive either CAF with CTG (CAF/CTG) or CAF with CTG and EMD (CAF/CTG/ EMD). The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after reconstructive surgery for histologic evaluation. Results Treatment with CAF/CTG/EMD demonstrated statistically significantly better results in terms of probing pocket depth reduction (P < 0.05) and clinical attachment level gain (P < 0.001). The length of the epithelium was statistically significantly shorter in the CAF/CTG/EMD group than in the CAF/CTG group (1.00 ± 0.75 mm vs. 2.38 ± 1.48 mm, respectively, P < 0.01). Cementum formation was statistically significantly greater in the CAF/CTG/EMD group than following treatment with the CAF/ CTG group (3.20 ± 0.89 mm vs. 1.88 ± 1.58 mm, respectively, P < 0.01). The CAF/CTG/EMD group showed statistically significantly greater complete periodontal regeneration (i.e., new cementum, new periodontal ligament, and new bone) than treatment with CAF/CTG (0.54 ± 0.73 mm vs. 0.07 ± 0.27 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion Within their limits, the present findings indicate that the additional use of EMD in conjunction with CAF + CTG favors periodontal regeneration in gingival recession defects. Clinical relevance The present findings support the use of EMD combined with CTG and CAF for promoting periodontal regeneration in isolated gingival recession defects.

Aim To evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration of one‐wall intra‐bony defects treated with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in dogs. Materials and Methods The stability of rhFGF‐2 adsorbed onto the bone substitutes was evaluated by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). One‐wall intra‐bony defects (5 × 5 × 5 mm) created in five adult male beagle dogs were treated with rhFGF‐2 alone (rhFGF‐2), rhFGF‐2 with β‐TCP (rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP), rhFGF‐2 with CO3Ap (rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap), or rhFGF‐2 with DBBM (rhFGF‐2/DBBM). Histological outcomes (e.g., linear length of new cementum adjacent to the newly formed bone with inserting collagen fibres [NA] as the primary outcome) were evaluated at 10 weeks post surgery. Results Significantly higher amount of rhFGF‐2 was adsorbed onto CO3Ap compared with β‐TCP. Among the treatment groups, the rhFGF‐2/DBBM group showed the highest amount of periodontal tissue regeneration. The rhFGF‐2/DBBM group showed significantly greater formation of NA (3.22 ± 0.40 mm) compared with rhFGF‐2 (1.17 ± 1.00 mm, p < .01) group. Additionally, new bone area in the rhFGF‐2/DBBM group (9.78 ± 2.30 mm2) was significantly higher than that in the rhFGF‐2 (5.08 ± 1.26 mm2, p < .01), rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP (5.91 ± 1.27 mm2, p < .05), and rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap (6.51 ± 1.49 mm2, p < .05) groups. Slight ankylosis was found in the rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP (1/9 sites), rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap (3/10 sites), and rhFGF‐2/DBBM (1/9 sites) groups. Conclusions Within their limitations, the present data indicate that DBBM seems to be a suitable carrier for rhFGF‐2 and that rhFGF‐2/DBBM treatment promotes favourable periodontal regeneration compared with rhFGF‐2, rhFGF‐2/β‐TCP, and rhFGF‐2/CO3Ap treatments in one‐wall intra‐bony defects.

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