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Strong electromagnetic stirring enables promotion of interfacial reaction between slag and metal in ladle refining processes. This study elucidates the interfacial phenomena through plant scale experiments by using stationary alternative current (AC) electromagnetic field, cold models to make clear the hydrodynamic behavior of fluids, and the numerical simulation of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and chemical reaction analyses. They revealed that the enhancement of the interfacial reaction is strongly related to the state of the slag-metal interface and that there exist critical values of the intensity of electromagnetic power supply, which govern the reaction rate.

The characteristics of the slag layer in smelting reduction with a large amount of slag were examined with various devices, and its influence on the operation performance was investigated.(1)The characteristics of slag layer: The average density of the slag layer calculated by the detected slag height was 0.6-1 .1 t/m'. In the practical smelting reduction condition, the average density of slag layer seems to be 0.8-1 .Ot/m'. The temperature difference between the slag layer and the metal bath was 30'C or less. The amount of metal droplets in the lower 30vol"/• of the slag layer reaches 30wt"/• or more. In the upper 70vol'/. of the slag layer, it depends on the stirring intensity of metal bath and slag compositions.85-95wt"/• of these originated in the stirred metal bath according to the tracer test.By combining the sampling test and the calculation using measureddata, the distribution of carbonaceous materials in the slag layer could be obtained. (2) The influence of the characteristics of slag layer on the of operation performance: The increase of metal droplets in the slag layer decreases post combustion and increases iron dust generation. pC-Heat efficiency of post combustion: Distribution of Temperature Temperatures at three points were measured simultaneously. In Fig. 4