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A 98-dimensional feature vector has been proposed to represent temporal characteristics of a waveform of ground motion acceleration on the basis of its Husid plot. Dissimilarity of a pair of waveforms can be quantified in terms of Euclidian distance between corresponding feature vectors. Then a method has been proposed to cluster and classify temporal characteristics of waveforms by use of hierarchical cluster analysis. Illustrative examples using acceleration records observed in the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan are shown. The distribution map of the clustering and classification show that the temporal characteristics affected by the distance from the source region and multiple-source process can be appropriately classified. Multidimensional scaling is also applied to characterize the result of clustering and classification. It is shown that hierarchical cluster analysis is capable of reflecting temporal characteristics better than significant duration.

An inverse method is developed to estimate advective surface velocities from sequential sea surface temperature (SST) data.The present method employ an advective diffusion equation of SST and the functionals in tems of advective diffusion equation and spatial curvatures of velocity components of u and v to estimate 2-D surface velocities from sequential SST data.The functionals with the spatial curvatures play an important role as a stabilizer and can detect small scale SST variations so that inverted velocity fields include the velocity components of the same scale.The numerical simulations show that inverted velocity components agree well with the target velocities when the SST data contains small scale variations.

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A new methodology to afford α-amino nitriles through oxidative cyanomethylation of amines using nitromethane as the methylene source in the presence of Me3SiCN without the addition of an external oxidant was developed. A catalytic amount of AgCN and a stoichiometric amount of LiBF4 cooperatively promoted the transformation. A wide variety of the amines, including both aromatic compounds and aliphatic ones, which are labile under oxidative conditions, were applicable to the reaction.