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In this research, a theoretical investigation had been done to study and correct distortion aberration which happened in electron magnetic lenses while it is used as projector lenses in transmission electron microscope. In this study, inverse design had been used MATLAB environment and by representing the axial magnetic field for doublet magnetic lens with axial magnetic function as a target function.

The Linear and nonlinear effects in optical fibers are very important and influential factors that effect on the power of the signal transmitted within the optical fiber. In this paper, the mathematical model for these effects was presented. The most important methods used to compensate these losses were also reviewed. The compensation methods reviewed include various linear and nonlinear effects most of the methods reviewed focused on increasing the length of the optical fiber to transmit the signal with the least consumed power and high data transfer rate at low design cost