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In this work, the dissolution of pine and eucalyptus woods in the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) under microwave radiation and the regeneration of their main compounds from the wood solutions were studied. The influence of temperature, time, and the presence or not of wood extractives in both the dissolution and the regenerated solids was evaluated. The regenerated products from solutions of both wood species in the AmimCl were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared to reference materials (Indulin AT lignin and microcrystalline cellulose). High temperatures, long dissolution times, and extractive-free wood promoted the pine and eucalyptus dissolution in the AmimCl. Cellulose was successfully regenerated from pine and eucalyptus woods solutions at low temperatures and times, whereas lignin was regenerated when the experimental conditions were more severe. In addition, the previous wood extraction decreased the lignin content in regenerated solids.