Common variants among genes coding for enzymes in sex steroid biosynthetic pathways may influence the risk of endometriosis in Iraqi women patients in the last years. Cytochrome P450c17a1 (CYP17), a gene that codes for a key enzyme (cytochrome P450c17a1) in a rate-limiting step of estrogen biosynthesis has attracted considerable attention as an important gene for endometriosis. To evaluate the relationship between common genetic variations in CYP17 and endometriosis risk and determine the main effects of those variations on the gene expression. A women-based case control study of Iraqi women aged range (23–46), the associations between selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP17 gene and endometriosis diagnosis in fifty women and thirty disease-free controls were evaluated. The study found a significant association (P ≤ 0.01)between endometriosis and selected SNPs of CYP17 gene, with the homozygous genotype conferring decreased risk. A highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) in CYP17 gene expression from women with versus without endometriosis and increased by 1.56-fold in women with endometriosis. These findings suggest that variation in or around CYP17 may be associated with endometriosis development in the Iraqi women.

Background: In the last years, Endometriosis affects up to 10 percent of reproductive aged Iraqi women. Little is known about the etiology of endometriosis in Iraqi women.Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the hormonal changes, antioxidant status, Coenzyme Q10 and oxidative stress in women patients with endometriosis.Patients and methods: 30 endometriotic women mean aged (31.16±5.61 year ) who were undergoing laparoscopy to participate in this study, and (n=30) healthy women volunteers mean aged (31.96±5.42 year) as control group.Results: The results in this study revealed a highly significant increased (P<0.01) in estradiol (E2), uric acid (UA) and oxidative stress (MDA). The results of the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamins (A, E, β-carotene, C) showed a highly significant decreased (P<0.01) in the sera levels of patients with endometriosis as compared to control. This study showed, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH), Testosterone (Test.), E2 and vitamins, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed in UA level with concomitant increase in MDA levels.Conclusions: The results of this study concluded the increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of antioxidant vitamins and CoQ10. Thus increasing the growth and adhesion of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity, which will lead to increase the risk factors of endometriosis.

Synthesis of some pyrimidine derivatives which plays an important role in the medicinal chemistry because it possesses promising cytotoxic activity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Visible and FT-IR spectral data. Some of the new compounds were evaluated for their potential cytotoxicity against two different human cancer cell lines HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) in vitro, using Neutral Red and MTT assays. The synthesized compounds were active against two cell lines under study and a toxic effect was clear with a significant difference at the level of probability (p< 0.0001) and this effect was contrasted among different concentrations for each synthesized compound.

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