Background Colloid cysts are rare benign, slowly growing intracranial tumors of endodermal origin. Most colloid cysts are found incidentally and are asymptomatic, but rarely, they can lead to sudden death. Case presentation A 73-year-old female patient was admitted to our emergency department with complaints of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, walking difficulties, and behavioral changes. CT imaging revealed acute obstructive hydrocephalus attributable to a third ventricular colloid cyst. The patient was immediately transferred to a tertiary center where she underwent successful neurosurgical resection of the mass. Pathology results of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of colloid cyst. Conclusion The case we present emphasizes the critical importance of prompt identification of warning signs, complex thinking, and evaluation. Establishing the right diagnostic approach early on can facilitate accurate diagnosis.

Absztrakt: A gastrointestinalis vérzés gyakori előfordulása, súlyossága miatt kiemelkedő népegészségügyi jelentőséggel bír. Az antikoagulált és/vagy rendszeres thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló készítményeket, nemszteroid gyulladásgátlókat szedő, idősödő populáció arányának növekedésével az emésztőszervi vérzés a jövőben várhatóan számban és súlyosságban is egyre növekvő terhet ró az egészségügyi ellátórendszerre. A gastrointestinalis vérzés ellátásában a sürgősségi szakember mellett a gasztroenterológus-endoszkóposnak van alapvető szerepe. A társszakmák (radiológus, invazív radiológus, intenzív terapeuta, sebész) képviselői sok esetben nem mellőzhetők a döntéshozatalban, a betegek ellátásában. Az érintett szakterületek képviselői szükségét érezték egy átfogó, multidiszciplináris, közösen elfogadott szemléletet tükröző, gyakorlati szemléletű hazai iránymutatás összeállításának az érvényes nemzetközi irányelvek alapján. A szerzők részletesen tárgyalják a gastrointestinalis vérzés ellátásának feltételeit, a kezdeti betegészlelést, a rizikóbecslést, a laborvizsgálatokat, a betegek resuscitatióját, valamint a vérzések diagnosztikájának és terápiájának lépéseit a vérzésforrás lokalizációja szerint külön csoportosítva. A szerzők iránymutatást adnak az elsődleges ellátás sikertelensége, illetve az ismételten fellépő vérzés eseteiben, végül a sebészet mai helyét is definiálják a gastrointestinalis vérzésekben. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(30): 1231–1242.

Purpose New guidelines recommend thrombectomy up to 24 h in selected patients; however, the workload and benefit of extending time window are not known. We conducted a prospective single-centre study to determine the caseload, imaging and interventional need of extended time window. Methods All consecutive ischemic stroke patients within 24 h from onset in an 11-month period were included. Thrombectomy eligibility in the 0–6 h time window was based on current guidelines; in the 6–24 h time window, it was based on a combination of DEFUSE 3 and DAWN study criteria using MRI to identify target mismatch. Clinical outcome in treated patients was assessed at 3 months. Results Within 24 h of onset, 437 patients were admitted. In the 0–6 h time window, 238 patients (54.5%) arrived of whom 221 (92.9%) underwent CTA or MRA, 82 (34.5%) had large vessel occlusion (LVO), 30 (12.6%) had thrombectomy and 11 (36.6%) became independent (mRS ≤ 2). In the extended 6–24 h time window, 199 patients (45.5%) arrived of whom 127 (63.8%) underwent CTA or MRA, 44 (22.1%) had LVO, 8 (4%) had thrombectomy and 4 (50%) became independent. Conclusion Extending the time window from 6 to 24 h results in a 26.7% increase in patients receiving thrombectomy and a 36.4% increase of independent clinical outcome in treated patients at the price of a significantly increased burden of clinical and imaging screening due to the similar caseload but a smaller proportion of treatment eligible patients in the extended as compared with the standard time window.

The distinction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related and community-acquired pneumonias poses significant difficulties, as both frequently involve the elderly. This study aimed to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia based on clinical characteristics at hospital presentation. Case-control study of all patients admitted for pneumonia at Semmelweis University Emergency Department. Cases (n = 30) were patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia (based on polymerase chain reaction test) between 26 March 2020 and 30 April 2020; controls (n = 82) were historical pneumonia cases between 1 January 2019 and 30 April 2019. Logistic models were built with SARS-CoV-2 infection as outcome using clinical characteristics at presentation. Patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia were younger (mean difference, 95% CI: 9.3, 3.2–15.5 years) and had a higher lymphocyte count, lower C-reactive protein, presented more frequently with bilateral infiltrate, less frequently with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and nausea in age- and sex-adjusted models. A logistic model using age, sex, abdominal pain, C-reactive protein, and the presence of bilateral infiltrate as predictors had an excellent discrimination (AUC 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.96) and calibration (p = 0.27–Hosmer-Lemeshow test). The clinical use of our screening prediction model could improve the discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 related from other community-acquired pneumonias and thus help patient triage based on commonly used diagnostic approaches. However, external validation in independent datasets is required before its clinical use.

Objective: Early recognition is a key step in decreasing morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Like in other European countries an ever growing number of septic patients enter hospitals via emergency departments. Our goal was to assess the number and severity of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock attending the Hungarian emergency departments. Methods: Twohundred and ninety-nine patients were entered into the Hungarian Emergency Sepsis Register, focusing on age, disease severity, monitoring and oxygenation.Application and time of administration of antibiotics, use of biomarkers, i.e. lactate and procalcitonin, disposition of patients were assessed using a webbased electronic questionnaire. Results: Data arriving from twenty emergency departments revealed that with severity of the disease oxygen administration and level of monitoring increased, along with antibiotic administration and use of biomarkers. Time spent in the ED did not differ between septic, severely septic and septic shock patients; however higher level of care was provided for the sickest patients. Conclusion: Our register data indicate that sepsis presents a substantial challenge to Hungarian emergency departments. The set standards for timely, adequate treatment are not yet met. The results are however also influenced by charactersitics of the Hungarian health care system, most notably the lack of hospice systems. Further studies are needed to separate the subset of patients who would require and of life care.