Authors' contributionWkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryBackground. EU efforts to exploit the positive social impact of sport have also been a priority in the Visegrad (V4) countries over the past decade. Our analysis aimed to compare the frequency of sports activities among the V4 countries' population and the effects of demographic, quality of life, sociocultural, socioeconomic, and sports infrastructural factors. Material and methods. The data analyzed are from the Special Eurobarometer 472 Sport and Physical Activity survey, conducted in 2017. All respondents (n=4,174) were over 15 years of age and resident in one of the four Visegrad countries. Frequency distribution, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models (including 12 explanatory variables and regular sports as independent variable) were used. Results. Hungary had the highest rate (16%) of respondents participating in sporting activity at least three times a week, while the Czech Republic had the highest rate of weekly regularity (31%), and the lowest inactivity rate (42%). In Poland, the inactivity rate was 62%. Age, education, and social status had a significant effect on the frequency of sports in all four countries. Conclusions. This paper highlights the slowly changeable role of demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic structures in influencing the frequency of sporting activity among the V4 countries, and underlines the potentially quick impact of sports infrastructure.

(1) Background: In this study, sport and subjective psychological well-being is investigated in three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: We have conducted three different representative sample surveys (n = 3600 altogether) on the Hungarian adult population and investigated the sample’s subjective psychological well-being with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, as well as changes in their subjective well-being through the different waves of the pandemic. Sporting habits and socio-economic variables were also surveyed, and OLS regression models were created focused on the WHO-5 measures. (3) Results: The subjective psychological well-being of the Hungarian adult population decreased significantly, but in the second and third wave of pandemic restrictions, an increase in subjective psychological well-being has been measured. The relationships between the time spent on doing sports and subjective psychological well-being were significant in each pandemic waves. The highest subjective psychological well-being and its highest increase were reported by those who could increase their time spent on doing sports as well. (4) Conclusions: The relationships between the sports activities, physical health, size of settlement, changes in income and subjective psychological well-being of the Hungarian adult population were significant in all three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane-analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary Background. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on regular activities and lifestyles in Hungary in the second quarter of 2020. In this study, we identify the physical activity and mental well-being changes in the Hungarian sport sector. Material and methods. A questionnaire, which included internationally validated items, was created to survey members of the sporting sector in Hungary. In June 2020, we obtained 840 valid responses, the age and gender profile of which were closely representative of the overall population. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic changed significantly (p<0.001) in the Hungarian sport sector, decreasing by 166±1128 minutes (mean±SD) per week, on average. Women (-286±980 weekly minutes) and children's (-304±951 weekly minutes) physical activity decreased the most, whereas that of middle-aged (-83±1024 weekly minutes) and graduates (-99±982 weekly minutes) decreased the least. Greater well-being was felt during the pandemic by those who were either more physically active, or could even increase their physical activity. Conclusions. Even in the sport sector, the more physically active people are, the greater their well-being. Therefore, promotion of physical activity becomes even more important in challenging times.

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