Purpose There is an increasing interest in the role of business orientations in relation to why organizations vary in e-marketing adoption. Nevertheless, there is still scant evidence on electronic marketing orientation (EMO) within the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SMEs) context. This paper aims to shed light on the key factors that affect the degree of e-marketing adoption among SMEs from an organizational orientation perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a cross-sectional survey of just over 135 European SMEs. The constructs are measured using multi-item indicators to capture the underlying theoretical domains. Findings The results show that EMO in SMEs is a high order construct that consists of three main components, principally: management beliefs, initiation and implementation activities. The degree of EMO is primarily affected by perceived relative advantage and customer pressure. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on for-profit SMEs in developed economies. Future researchers may replicate this study using qualitative methods in different contexts (i.e. developing countries) across several technologies and platforms (i.e. websites, internet of things, mobile applications and social media networks). Originality/value This study further extends the literature on EMO and provides answers to the questions related to the variation in SMEs’ e-marketing adoption. Practitioners can apply the EMO construct to evaluate their orientation towards e-marketing, and most importantly, to take the required remedial action to improve their performance in digital commerce.

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Using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, this study aims to investigate the impact of atmospherics and online flow cues of Jordan virtual tourist centre on visitors' affective and cognitive states, which are assumed to affect their visiting intentions. This is based on the fact that more tourists are getting information directly via the internet to direct their choices of tourism destinations. In order to test our proposed model, an online survey was launched via different social networking means directed towards a convenience sample of non-Jordanians using a snowball technique. Non-Jordanians respondents who agreed to participate in the survey were asked to browse Jordan virtual tourist centre and to live a virtual experience before answering related questions measuring targeted constructs. Analysis of the results supports the research model and shows that both atmospherics and online flow cues experienced by visitors, impact positively their affective and cognitive states, which in turn impact their visit intentions. Affective and cognitive states were impacted upon by atmospherics more than online flow; however, affective state tends to explain more variations in visiting intentions vis-à-vis virtual centres. Implications and recommendations are discussed to develop robust tourist centres capable of attracting tourists' visiting intentions.

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