Investments in microgeneration technologies help to boost the usage of clean energy while reducing pollution. However, selecting the appropriate investment remains the most critical phase in developing these technologies. This study aims to design a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) to evaluate investment alternatives for microgeneration energy technologies. The proposed MCDM is based on a Multi Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (M-SWARA), to define the relative importance of the factors. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Soft Sets (q-ROFSs) are used to rank investment alternatives. Calculations were also made with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (PFSs). For analysis, five evaluation criteria were selected based on the literature: frequency of maintenance, ease of installation, environmental adaptation, transmission technologies, and efficiency of cost. Similarly, six alternatives for microgeneration technology investments were selected: ground source heat pumps, micro hydroelectric power, micro combined heat and power, micro bioelectrochemical fuel cell systems, small-scale wind turbines, and photovoltaic systems. The results showed that cost efficiency was the most significant factor in the effectiveness of microgeneration energy investments, and the photovoltaic system was the best alternative to increase microgeneration energy technology investment performance. Furthermore, the results were the same for the analyses made with IFSs and PFSs, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed method. Therefore, investors in microgeneration technologies should prioritize photovoltaic systems. This conclusion is supported by the fact that photovoltaic is a renewable energy source that has witnessed the most technological improvements and cost reductions over the last decade.

Green energy projects contribute to sustainable economic development of countries with the employment of environmentally friendly energy production strategies. However, environmental priorities should be examined for this situation. Therefore, priority analysis should be executed for the environmental issues while implementing green investment projects. Accordingly, this study aims at proposing a unique decision-making model based on orthopair fuzzy sets and the golden cut degrees for the environmental priorities of green project investments. The main novelty of the study stems from its proposed integrated model by equipping the Multi-SWARA, and TOPSIS based on the q-ROFSs technique with the golden cut. A set of criteria is identified for measuring the green projects' environmental priorities while several project alternatives are also determined with the supporting literature. Appropriately, the extensions of Multi-SWARA and TOPSIS methods have been applied for weighting and ranking the factors, respectively, in the integrated approach. Additionally, a comparative evaluation is performed with the help of VIKOR method to rank the alternatives. Besides, the sensitivity analysis is applied to illustrate the coherency of the weighting results in the decision-making approach. Accordingly, 5 cases are considered to measure the effects of changing weight results. It is defined that this model is coherent and could be extended for further studies. It is concluded that the reduction of emissions is the most essential item for the environmental priorities of green project investments. Pollution control, waste management and eco-friendly transportation activities are the most critical alternatives. Therefore, this study recommends that investors of green projects should prioritize the strategies of minimizing carbon emissions problem. In this context, investing in renewable energy technologies will help green project investors solve this problem.

Digital transformation is the modification resulting from new opportunities technological advancements in all areas of life presents. These new technologies are also used in audit activities. These new technologies used in audit activities are called Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques and Technologies (CAATTs). Those have emerged to help auditors look for irregularities in data files and to enable more analyses to be done in less time with more evidence at a lower risk level. By using CAATTs, the auditor is able to filter, define and create equations, identify gaps, make statistical analysis, identify peer records, classify, sort, summarize, merge, and match. The fact that the auditor reaches the results by analyzing the sample chosen in the audit activities may cause the concerned parties to approach these results with suspicion. Instead of selecting and analyzing samples, using CAATTs, the auditor may also analyze the entire data. Concurrent with new technological developments, the scope of CAATTs applications is also advancing. Artificial Intelligence(AI), as an automated system that can generate algorithms, occupies a center stage in these developments. It is observed that 4 concepts are emphasized for AI. These concepts are acting like human, thinking like human, rational thinking, and rational behavior. These factors facilitated the inclusion of AI in audit activities. The emergence of AI will include human-like activities in the auditing process. In general, it is considered that the technology applied to the audit allows the activities to be carried out more effectively. In reality, there are contradictions about the use of AI in audit activities. Some researchers support the use of this new technology in the auditing process, while others are skeptical. Those, who view the use of AI with skepticism, state that the professional judgment of the auditor can be ignored with the utilization of AI. For this reason, how to limit the use of AI in audit activities is discussed. Firstly, the study explains CAATTs applications and the concept of AI and how AI is included in accounting and auditing activities. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of using AI in the auditing processes are evaluated. Lastly, the use of AI and CAATTs in audit process and specific application suggestions for different audit areas are discussed in detail in the context of suggested audit batches.

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ghanaian listed banks using COSO’s IC framework. Only Control environment, Risk assessment, and Monitoring activities components of the framework considered for this study. Methodologically, out of the 60 questionnaires, surveys distributed to the banks 37 copies received representing a 61.7% response rate. Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v25 used to analyze data by running among other reliability tests, tests of normality, and descriptive statistics. The results of means and standard deviations gained ascertained that; strong controls existed in the control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring activities of internal control of the Ghanaian listed banks. A risk assessment had a low average mean compared to the control environment and monitoring activities. Because banks operate under higher risk than any other financial institution, we propose that Ghanaian listed banks should increase investment in risk assessment.

This study examines the effects of the effectiveness of the internal control system (ICS) on crisis management skills (before, during, and after the crisis) in the event of a disaster through the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Fire Service Department.   Methodologically, a comprehensive survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 251 workers of the IMM fire service department located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 used to analyze data by running among other reliability tests, T-Test, ANOVA, and Regression analysis.  The results of the study indicated that ICS of the Fire Service Department of IMM showed high levels of effectiveness in the event of a disaster and that the institution has a high level of crisis management skills. In addition, the study found that a high positive relationship existed between ICS and Crisis Management Skills of the IMM fire service department before, during, and after the crisis in the event of a disaster. Finally, the study revealed that, ICS has a positive and high impact on IMM crisis management skills before, during, and after the crisis, and that the effectiveness of ICS had increased the crisis management skills of the institution.