Objective: Neonatal ovarian cysts (NOC) are usually self-limiting structures. However, large or complex cysts may lead to severe complications. A standard guide to management, treatment and follow-up of NOC is not yet available. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the records of NOC patients from two medical centers.Methods: A total of 20 newborns with NOC were included in the study. The size and localization of the cyst, the age, the signs and symptoms at presentation, and the possible maternal and fetal-neonatal etiologic factors were recorded. Follow-up procedures and treatment modalities were evaluated. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 34 gestational weeks. The cysts (mean size 53±15 mm) were predominantly in the right ovary (75%) and were evaluated as large cysts in 16 (80%) of the patients. In 5 of the patients with large cysts and in 1 of the 4 patients with small cysts, the cysts were evaluated as complex cysts. Torsion of the ovary was detected in five (25%) cases and these cases were treated surgically. Patients with simple cysts were closely followed by ultrasonography until the cysts disappeared. Conclusion: To date, there is no precise guide for the monitoring and treatment of NOCs. Surgical treatment should always be performed in a way to protect the ovaries and to ensure future fertility. In our NOC series, it has been possible to apply a non-invasive follow-up program and minimally invasive surgical procedures.Conflict of interest:None declared.

This study confirms that skin changes in the newborn are common, particularly desquamation, sebaceous hyperplasia, and transient toxic erythema.

The use of oral nystatin to prevent fungal colonisation and infection in neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is still an open question and not yet recommended as a standard of care. To determine whether prophylactic oral nystatin results in a decreased incidence of invasive candidiasis in the newborn infants, a total of 3991 infants were divided randomly into two groups. Group A infants (n = 1995), only those neonates who were identified as yeast carriers (oral moniliasis) were treated with oral nystatin. Group B infants, all neonates who were admitted to the unit received oral nystatin, was routinely administered three times a day. Group A was divided into groups A1 and A2 (who were treated only if identified as yeast carriers). Urine and rectal cultures were taken on admission and then weekly thereafter. There were 215 (14.2%), 27 (5.6%) and 36 (1.8%) patients positive for invasive candidiasis in groups A1, A2 and B respectively. Oral nystatin prophylaxis significantly reduced the invasive candidiasis (P = 0.004) in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) and very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants. Prophylactic administration of oral nystatine to the ELBW and VLBW infants results in a decreased risk of invasive candidiasis.

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ABSTRACT:Neonates with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with reduced concentrations of IGF-I that might contribute to arterial wall thickening. Direct atherogenic effects of leptin have been described. We aimed to investigate the relationship among abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT), serum IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3, and leptin levels in neonates with IUGR. Abdominal aIMT was measured in 40 term neonates with IUGR and in 40 controls. Mean aIMT was significantly greater in neonates with IUGR (0.45 Ϯ 0.03 mm) than in controls (0.39 Ϯ 0.04 mm, p Ͻ 0.0001). Serum IGF-I and leptin levels were lower in neonates with IUGR than in controls. There was a significant positive correlation between aIMT and gestational age, whereas a significant negative correlation was determined between aIMT and IGF-I in the IUGR neonates.