This research investigates the ways in which different groups of media users have different tendencies in consuming and believing fake news. These tendencies are examined through: (1) analysis of association of age and income level with the pattern of media consumption; (2) analysis of association of age and income level with types of media that is perceived as the most trustworthy. Using systematic random sampling, this study examines 400 households in Semarang, Central Java, with level of confidence of 95%.

This article explains the ways in which a digital media literacy campaign was conducted to help groups of adolescent to identify fake news or hoax and to prevent the further dissemination of fake news. A number of research have shown that young generation, or popularly known as millennials, is the age group of media users that has the highest tendency to read and to spread hoax or fake news. This is also tied to the fact that millennial spend more time on the Internet, and therefore have higher exposure to many various types information, including fake news. Based on the digital media campaign programs that was conducted in several public and private high schools in Semarang, Indonesia, this article will explicate the initial condition regarding the ability of high-school students in recognizing and identifying fake news before the digital media literacy campaign, and then explain how the campaign helping students to improve the ability to do so. This article will further describe the challenges faced in the typical media literacy campaign and several suggestions to overcome those challenges in future digital media literacy programs.

No abstract

The Covid-19 vaccine is expected to be available in the next few months. There is hope and optimism in welcoming the upcoming availability of the vaccine, but at the same time there is also concern that there will be resistance from some groups in society who do not believe in using vaccines to prevent virus transmission and the emergence of disease. Reluctance to accept this vaccine is known as the vaccine hesitancy. The study was based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) which explains that intention is predicted by the positive attitudes toward a specific behavior. This theory is generally used to predict the adoption rate of various health-related behaviors, including attitudes towards vaccination. The study reveals that past experiences of vaccination tend to illustrate that there are positive attitudes to vaccination among mothers surveyed. However, the focus should be directed to the parts that display barriers, drawbacks, or deficiencies, even only consists of small shares of the data. These small fragments could establish into the seed of vaccine hesitancy, which might have impacts on the efficacy of the upcoming Covid-19 vaccination.

This research examines the correlation between perception of risk of Covid-19 and knowledge of Covid-19 to reach vaccination decisions. A number of researches have shown that among many factors that are associated with people’s decision to get vaccinated are the perception of how vulnerable are they to be infected by the virus and the perception of how severe is  the impact of the virus on  them as well as how knowledgeable are they about  the disease being prevented. This research aims to investigate the same finding in the context of a group of respondents in Indonesia. With the online survey that collected data of more than three hundred research participants, the result of the data analysis in this research, however, does not corroborate the finding in the previous research. Part of the possible explanation is the approach to drive the vaccination through the implementation of the vaccine mandate. The policy of vaccine mandate in Indonesia was implemented since the vaccine was first available in the country. The proof of vaccination was used as a requirement to have access to public transportations and other public services. This vaccine mandate continued progressively to the second and even third or booster  vaccination. This policy of mandatory vaccination became an approach to increase vaccine uptake, which was rather different from other vaccinations that allow some room for voluntary choices.