The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of activities based on scientific process skills on problem-solving skills of 4th grade students in science lessons. In the study a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design type of quasi-experimental method was used. The research study group was composed of 30 students with 15 each in the experimental study group and control group. In the experimental and control groups, for scientific process skills, the “Scientific Process Skills Test (SPS)”,and for problem-solving skills, the “Problem Solving Inventory for Children at Elementary Education Level (PSIC)” were used as pre-test and post-tests. Activities including scientific process skills in the experimental group were applied for 8 weeks and 16 lesson hours, while no intervention was made to the control group. In the data analysis process, the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were used. According to the data obtained from the research, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the post-test scores in the Scientific Process Skills Test (SPST) and the Problem-Solving Inventory for Children (PSIC) of the students in the experimental group compared to the students in the control group. According to these findings, it can be stated that activities including scientific process skills develop problem-solving skills of students in primary science education.

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the application levels of differentiated instruction, and to investigate these perceptions in terms of participating in in-service training for this approach, presence of students with different characteristic, graduated faculty, and gender. In the study, survey method as one of the quantitative research designs was employed. The study group of the research was composed of 703 primary school teachers selected by random sampling. The study data were gathered with "Differentiated Instruction Scale" developed by the researchers. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS 18 software. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the implementation of differentiated instruction were high. In addition, these perceptions of primary school teachers who participated in differentiated instruction training were significantly higher than those who did not, primary school teachers graduated from education faculties compared to those who graduated from other faculties, and female primary school teachers compared to men had higher perceptions of differentiated instruction. It was concluded that the perceptions of primary school teachers did not change significantly according to the presence of students with different characteristics in the classrooms. It is suggested that new studies should be carried out using the scale developed in this study and in-service training for differentiated instruction should be disseminated for teachers.

Innovative activities carried out during school laboratory sessions include 'flipped learning' (FL), which is an interactive learning environment where the teacher guides students learn individually. This study examined the impact of the adoption of the FL approach on the academic performance of 2nd year science student teachers enrolled in the course General Chemistry Laboratory -III and on their opinions related with the course. Eighty-one student teachers acted as a control group i.e., followed the conventional course approach while 85 students participated in the experimental groups following the FL approach. Data collection tools were examination scripts and semistructured interview questions. A significant difference was found in academic performance in favor of the experimental group. Besides, it was observed that the FL approach increased students' motivation, encouraged them to take responsibility for their own learning, and enabled more meaningful learning to take place. It is recommended for more practical lessons be designed with this approach and for more research to be conducted on the impact of this approach on learning motivation and self-efficacy of students as well as their academic performance.

This study aimed to examine the awareness of teacher candidates towards inclusive education. This mixed method study was performed with the convergent parallel mixed pattern. The sample of quantitative part of the study consisted of 708 teacher candidates in an education faculty determined by criterion sampling. The study group of the qualitative part of the research is 14 teacher candidates (preservice teachers) selected from among these participants. The research data were collected with Awareness Scale for Inclusive Education and Interview Form for Evaluation of Inclusive Education Course. The scale data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, and the semi-structured interview data were analyzed by content analysis. The results revealed that the awareness of teacher candidates’ inclusive education was at a moderate level. In addition, the awareness level of the participants who had inclusive education training was higher than the participants who did not, and the female participants had higher awareness compared to the male participants. The interview results revealed that training on inclusive education increased teacher candidates’ awareness of its history, aims, the students it encompasses, and its applications. According to the results of the research, it has been suggested to expand the inclusive education provided to teachers before and during the service.

Bu çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerin gelişimlerini izleme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarına yönelik görüş ve yeterlik algılarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma karma yöntem ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup nicel veriler 131 öğretmene uygulanan "ölçme ve değerlendirme yeterlikleri ölçeği", nitel veriler ise 16 sınıf öğretmenine uygulanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Nicel veriler betimsel istatistik ve varyans analizi testlerine, nitel veriler ise içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sınıf öğretmenlerinin yeni ölçme ve değerlendirme, öğrencilerin kavramsal becerilerini tespite yönelik ölçme ve değerlendirme, öğrencilerin kendilerine yönelik ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemlerindeki yeterlik algılarının ortalamanın üstünde ve "yeterli" düzeyde, geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme yeterliklerinin ortalamanın üstünde ve "oldukça yeterli" düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin çoğunun öğrenci izleme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarının öğrencinin gelişimini takip ettiği, öğrencinin kendini tanıyarak eksikliklerinin ve yeteneklerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağladığı, öğretmen, okul ve velinin öğrenci hakkında bilgi sağlayacağı yönünde görüş bildirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin geleneksel araçları daha çok kullandıkları veçağdaş ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarına öncelik vermedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrenci izleme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarında yaşadıkları zorlukların form tutmakta zorlanmaları, zaman darlığı, kazanım çokluğu, seviye farklılığı veveli ilgisizliği olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.