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Abstract:This study investigated the relationship between motivation orientations and anxiety levels of Bocce players, and gender differences in this relationship. A total of 88 Bocce players (47 female, 41 male) participated to this study voluntarily. All the players completed "Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT)" and "Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)" test. The data was evaluated using SPSS 19.0, through arithmetic means ( X ), standard deviation (SD), t-test, and correlation analyses. For the statistical significance, p value was taken as 0.05 (p<0.05). Results revealed that female players were more intrinsically motivated, while exhibiting less external regulation and less amotivation than male players. Female players were also observed to have slightly higher competitive anxiety level than males. According to the results of t-test, there were significant differences between female and male players in external regulation and amotivation levels, but none of the intrinsic motivation subscale was statistically significant. Besides, there was no significant difference in competitive anxiety levels of female and male Bocce players. Results also showed that there was no correlation between motivation orientations sub-scales and competitive anxiety. In conclusion, female players had higher score than male players in intrinsic motivation and competitive anxiety, but lower score in external regulation and amotivation.

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems which national athletes, who study in School of Physical Education and Sport in universities, encounter in formal education and to determine their need for distance learning. Qualitative research, which is one the techniques of researching the method of the study, forms a structured deliberation technique. Deliberation questions are prepared with this technique based on expert opinions and during the deliberation, the questions were asked to the people who attended the deliberation in a partially flexible way. Population and sampling of the research; population of the study is the people who study in School of Physical Education and Sports, and sampling is the 348 national athletes who study wrestling, bocce, dart, bowling, basketball, volleyball, football, taekwando, karate, archery, atheism, tennis, judo, badminton , table tennis At the end of the study, the national athletes, who attended the research, emphasized that they were having problems in formal education, they failed the exams because they couldn't follow the courses, when they had to attend the courses, they delayed their trainings, and this situation effected their education level. %87.9 of the national athletes who took part in the study pointed that they need distance learning and if such a programme is developed, they could follow the courses even when they were resting in the camping and they think that a programme like this must be developed as soon as possible.

This study aimed to examine the self-esteem of those who did sports in physically disabled individuals by some variables. Based on this aim, the study was designed quantitatively. In this descriptive research, the general survey model that is coherent with the main purpose was used. The study group of the research consisted of 140 individuals aged 18 and over who had physical disabilities and actively engage in sports. Purposeful sampling approaches and easily accessible sampling methods were used in the selection of the study group. The scale form was used to collect research data. The scale form consisted of two parts. In the first part of this form, there was a personal information form containing information about the participants and in the second part, there was the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" developed by Rosenberg (1965) and adapted into Turkish by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). This form was applied to the participants on a voluntary basis, on the internet between 13.05.2020 and 03.06.2020. Necessary explanations were made to the participants while filling the form and they were provided to answer correctly. In this study, the self-esteem of physically disabled athletes was examined according to some variables. The research group consisted of 140 participants; 42 (30.0%) of them were female and 98 (70.0%) of them were male and the number of male participants was approximate twice the number of female participants. It was found that 18 (12.9%) participants were graduated from elementary and secondary schools, 59 (42.1%) from high school, and 63 (45%) from college, and the number of the participants belonging to the group consisted of graduates from high school and college were approximately four times more than the participants from the elementary and secondary school graduate group. It was determined that 9 (13.6%) of the participants had low, 105 (75%) had medium and 16 (11.4%) had a high level of income. It was observed that 83 (59.3%) of the participants were congenitally disabled and 57 (40.7%) of the participants disabled after birth and the number of congenitally disabled participants approximately 1.5 times more than the number of participants with disabilities after birth. It was determined that the number of participants who were national athletes was approximately 2.5 times those who were not. Among the variables examined, it was seen that there was only a statistically positive and low-level significant relationship between the sports age variable and the self-esteem mean score of the participants (r = .147; p < 0.05). In this context, as the age of the participants increased, the self-esteem of the participants also increased. As a result, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between the age of starting sports and self-esteem in physically disabled individuals, and individuals who started sports at an early age had a higher rate than other individuals.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a six-week theraband (strength band) exercise program on some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Method: The pretest-posttest model was used in the study. Before the study, the participants were asked whether they had any health problems. In this study, 34 volunteer women with a mean age of 26.91±2.64 years and a mean height of 164.20±4.36 who regularly attended a private sports centre were included in the study. Before and after the exercise program, body weight, fat percentage, and blood samples were taken in the morning on an empty stomach by experts in the appropriate laboratory environment at the health institution. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. Paired Sample T Test was applied to compare the values before and after exercise. Results: As a result, it was determined that sedentary women who regularly performed theraband exercise for six weeks had a positive effect on their weight, fat percentage and blood lipids (Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) levels (p<0.05). Conclucions: As a result, since the teraband (strength band) exercises we applied in our study were both affordable and can be easily performed by individuals at home, it has great importance for health that these exercises can be promoted more, and people's awareness. Keywords: Teraband, Exercise, Blood lipid