Typical grassland is the core of the Mongolian Plateau grassland belt, and is also an important ecological barrier in the north of China. It is of great significance to explore the real-time changes in grassland climate for the prevention and control of climate disasters, and for ecological protection. In this study, the spatial and temporal variation of temperature, precipitation and maximum wind speed in typical Mongolian Plateau grassland were studied using observation data from 16 meteorological stations from 1978 to 2020, using the linear trend method, cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall test, sliding t-test and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that: (1) The typical grassland temperature has been increasing at a rate of 0.4 °C/10a (p < 0.001) over the past 40 years, with the most significant warming in spring and summer; a sudden change from low to high temperature occurred in 1992; the annual average temperature gradually increased from northeast to southwest, with significant warming in the southwest. (2) Annual precipitation decreased slightly at a rate of −2.39 mm/10a, with the most significant decrease in summer precipitation; a sudden change from more to less precipitation occurred in 1998; spatially, precipitation decreased gradually from east to west, with significant moisture reduction in its northern part. (3) The maximum wind speed decreased significantly at a rate of −0.33m/s/10a (p < 0.001), with the most pronounced decrease in spring; the maximum wind speed changed abruptly from strong to weak around 1991; spatially, the annual average maximum wind speed decreased gradually from northwest to southeast and northeast, with the most pronounced decrease in the south and northeast. (4) The wavelet analysis shows that the typical grassland area will still be in a warm, low-rainfall and weak-wind stage in the coming years. Using the above analysis, the typical grassland climate of the Mongolian Plateau has shown a clear trend of warm and dry, weak wind in the past 40 years.

Aeolian desertification is a severe ecological and environmental problem in arid regions. Research on its spatio-temporal distribution, modelling and driving force is necessary to prevent the development of aeolian desertification. In this study, the Moltsog Dune Field in Mongolia and the Ujimqin Dune Field in China were selected as the study areas, as both contain dunes under similar physical conditions. Using

Aeolian desertification is a severe ecological and environmental problem in arid regions. Research on its temporal and spatial distribution, development model, and driving force is necessary to prevent the development of aeolian desertification. In this study, the Moltsog dune field in Mongolia and the Ujimqin dune field in China were selected as the study areas, as both contain dunes with similar natural conditions. Using Landsat data from 1988, 1995, 2002, 2009, 2016, and 2020, the spatial-temporal distribution and degree of development of aeolian desertification in the two dune fields over the past 30 years were compared. Two periods of high-resolution images were then used to compare the surface morphological changes induced by aeolian desertification in the dune fields. Climatic and socio-economic data of the same period were used to compare and analyze the causes of changes in aeolian desertification in these regions. The results show that: (1) Over 30 years, the degree and development rate of aeolian desertification in the Ujimqin dune field were generally higher than those in the Moltsog dune field, and the former had a high degree of fragmented aeolian desertification patches with an expanding range. (2) The main form of aeolian desertification is the reactivation of fixed dunes, which includes the development of blowouts on the flat grassland under the influence of human activities in the Ujimqin dune field. (3) The desertification in Moltsog is mainly affected by climatic factors, while that in Ujimqin is mainly affected by human activities. The latter is specifically affected by the high grazing intensity before 2000 and increased mining activities after 2000. These findings provide a reference for comparing the aeolian desertification process and meaningful information for preventing and managing aeolian desertification and enabling the sustainable development of dune fields in arid regions.

In order to study the correlation between the vegetation coverage of typical grassland and the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer, three typical geomorphic types of Wuzhumuqin typical grassland in Inner Mongolia were selected as experimental plots. It uses 3S technology and the methods of landscape ecology and geostatistics to test the image data and field quadrat in the past three years. It closely combines vegetation ecology with soil environment, the relationship between soil characteristics and vegetation landscape, and makes a correlation analysis on the synergistic evolution of chestnut soil thickness. The relationship between chestnut soil thickness, soil water content, and vegetation coverage under three different geomorphic conditions was obtained. Based on the quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial differences between the vegetation coverage of typical grassland and the thickness of chestnut soil, the spatial distribution patterns of different soil types are revealed. Based on Landsat 8 TM image data, this paper makes statistics of vegetation index (NDVI) at three test sites. The spatial overlap method and the actual observation data are abandoned for spatial interpolation, and the similarity conclusion is obtained. The study shows that among the three sample plots in 2021, except for the original wavy high flat sample plot whose natural environment has been greatly damaged, the correlation coefficient between chestnut calcium soil layer thickness and vegetation coverage in the other two sample plots is also significant in the significance of 0.01 or 0.05 (two-sided test). It shows that there is a very significant positive correlation between the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer and the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer. The purpose of this paper is to use hyperspectral images to classify different kinds of plants, so as to realize the monitoring of chestnut soil. It will provide rapid and dynamic technical support for desertification control in the future.