Apesar de todos os avanços tecnológicos nas últimas décadas, os pacientes renais precisam adaptar-se às mudanças emocionais e comportamentais decorrentes da doença renal crônica e de seu tratamento. A presente investigação tem por objetivo identifi car o papel do tratamento de hemodiálise no dia a dia dos pacientes renais crônicos. Através da análise de entrevistas, encontraram-se sentimentos de ambivalência relacionados ao tratamento, sintomas depressivos e impotência, predominando o sentimento de dependência, conturbando as atividades diárias dos pacientes. Constata-se que alterações emocionais estão presentes, independentemente da etapa da doença, da idade e do sexo. Pode-se observar a infl uência do meio, a segurança e a estabilidade advindas da rede de apoio expressos pelos enfermos renais no que diz respeito à aceitação da doença e do tratamento; as características individuais próprias do processo de uma doença e de tratamento crônicos; e os sinais de revolta e aceitação encontrados nos enfermos, que se revelam necessários ao exercício adequado de adaptação e de adesão ao tratamento de hemodiálise.
Objective: This longitudinal study tested the effectiveness of a group intervention designed to facilitate posttraumatic growth (PTG).Methods: Sample consisted of 205 women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer who were either assigned to an intervention group (n = 58) or to a control group (n = 147). PTG, challenge to core beliefs, and rumination (intrusive and deliberate) were assessed at baseline (T1), at 6 months (T2), and at 12 months after baseline (T3). Results:Results from the Latent Growth Modeling suggested that participants from the intervention group have higher levels of PTG. The challenge to core beliefs and the intrusive rumination have a moderator role on PTG, since group intervention is also linked to the enhancement of both variables.Conclusions: Participation in the intervention group increase PTG. Challenge to core beliefs and intrusive rumination are improved by group intervention, which to a certain extent facilitate PTG. KEYWORDSbreast cancer, cancer, challenge to core beliefs, group intervention, oncology, posttraumatic growth, rumination 1 | BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, 1 and it is recognized as a stressful life event as it is considered a threat to one 0 s life and well-being. Several negative psychological reactions such as anxiety, depression, helplessness, hopelessness, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2 may arise during the disease process.Despite the fact that these features have been well documented in the literature, a growing body of evidence suggests that adverse life circumstances such as cancer can also encourage positive outcomes. 3 The perceived positive changes resulting from personal coping efforts with traumatic events are described as PTG. 4,5 Research confirmed that women with a diagnosis of breast cancer reported personal growth in the aftermath of a life-threatening cancer experience. In addition, PTG has been consistently documented within 5 years of a breast cancer diagnosis. 3,6,7 In fact, it is the seismic nature and perceived stressfulness of the event that threat the individual 0 s core belief system, which in turn sets in motion the restructuring of one 0 s life. 8 Core beliefs are the "general set of beliefs a person has about the universe, how it works, and the individual 0 s place in it" 9(p16) . In the aftermath of a stressful event, core beliefs might be challenged, and the previous foundations of a person 0 s assumptive world become unstable, uncontrollable, and unpredictable. 9 In order to manage distress (also created by challenge to core beliefs) and reappraise the pretrauma cognitive schemas, the survivor initiates various cognitive mechanisms such as using coping strategies, seeking social support, and engaging in cognitive processing (intrusive and deliberate thinking), in an attempt to give meaning to the stressful experience. 10,11 Cognitive processing, and more specifically rumination, is a crucial process of the posttrauma individual adaptation. 12 Rumination encompasses 2 ...
Neste trabalho foram avaliados os preditores do índice de qualidade de vida nas suas duas dimensões - satisfação e importância - em pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento de hemodiálise. A comparação entre os critérios do índice demonstrou uma média significativamente mais elevada para a importância, bem como uma menor dispersão das respostas. A análise de regressão múltipla mostrou associação entre estressores e tratamento de hemodiálise. O apoio social, no que se refere ao tamanho da rede e ao nível de satisfação com o apoio percebido, relaciona-se ao índice de qualidade de vida nas dimensões satisfação e importância.
<p style="text-align: justify;">El presente artículo discute las principales características emocionales asociadas a la forma como los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica se enfrentan al tratamiento de hemodiálisis. El proceso de adaptación que se plantea, elemento importante en las emociones de las personas, involucra como protagonistas principales al paciente y sus maneras particulares de defensa ante la enfermedad, así como el apoyo de los recursos médicos hospitalarios, el equipo humano que le sostiene y la familia como aristas importantes para evitar problemas de aislamiento en el paciente. Del equilibrio de este proceso de adaptación, se previenen, como en toda enfermedad crónica, problemas subyacentes a la autoestima del paciente, la imagen corporal que construye y dificultades centradas a sus relaciones cotidianas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>proceso de adaptación, enfermo renal crónico, emociones, nefrología.</p>
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