The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of light on the changes in typographic and colorimetric properties of ink jet prints in order to establish an appropriate typeface style and type size for business correspondence to ensure information permanence. The prints were made with six ink jet printers from different manufacturers on four different office papers. Four different, widely used typefaces (one old-style, one transitional, and two sans-serif) in five different sizes (6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 pt) were tested. The resistance of printed business correspondence to light was evaluated according to the ISO 12040 standard. The color differences were determined spectrophotometrically. The differences in typographic tonal density and wicking of typefaces were measured with image analysis. After the exposure to light, the biggest difference in typographic tonal density was observed at type sizes 6 and 8 pt, and at one of the sans-serif typefaces.

IntroductionThe amount of educational material delivered to pupils and students through digital screens is increasing. This method of delivering educational materials has become even more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. To be as effective as possible, educational material must be properly designed not only in terms of content, but also in terms of form, e.g., the typeface. The present study investigated the effect of letter shape on readers’ feelings of pleasantness during reading, reading fluency, and text comprehension and memorisation.MethodsTo find out whether age influences the effects of typeface shape on reading measures, we divided the participants into a group of less experienced readers (children) and more experienced readers (adults). Both groups read texts in eight different typefaces: four of them were round or in rounded shape, and four were angular or in pointed shape. With an eye-tracker, the reading speed and the number of regressive saccades were recorded as measures of reading fluency and changes in pupil size as an indicator of emotional response. After reading each text, the participants rated the pleasantness of the typeface, and their comprehension and memorisation of texts were checked by asking two questions about the text content.ResultsWe found that compared to angular letters or letters in pointed shape, round letters or letters in round shape created more pleasant feelings for readers and lead to a faster reading speed. Children, as expected, read more slowly due to less reading experiences, but, interestingly, had a similar number of regressive saccades and did not comprehend or remember the text worse than university students.DiscussionWe concluded that softer typefaces of rounder shapes should be used in educational materials, as they make the reading process easier and thus support the learning process better for both younger and adult readers. The results of our study also showed that a comparison of findings of different studies may depend on the differences among the used letter shapes.

No abstract